Human Resource Management transformation from primarily administrative Research Paper

Human Resource Management transformation from primarily administrative and operational to strategic - Research Paper Example In 1980’s notably the term â€Å"Human Resource Management† was introduced from USA. It indicated that employees are assets for the firm and vital steps should be taken to sustain & retain them. The main transformational period of Human Resource Management started from 1945 when â€Å"Personal Management† was given immense importance due to the post world war II scenario. Employment management & welfare work were categorized in Personal Management. Regarding Personal management, Bill Hewlett, co-founder of Hewlett Packard HP said: â€Å"the role of personnel is to enhance the quality of management†. The core reasons for the transformation of HRM are globalization, market competition, technological advancements and continuous change. The firms realized that productivity of employees depends upon the formulation of policies, if the policies are employee friendly, than eventually working motivational level will increase. Significantly numerous imperative developments were brought in the firms like selection & testing mechanism, negotiation techniques, expansion of management training, reward system etc. Adopting and presenting policies which would benefit both employer and employees is a major concern of Human Resource Management. Success of a business depends upon the organizational behavior. This was one of the core issue raised in the transactional period. CEO of Scandinavian Airline, Jan Carlzon openly presented his viewpoint on strong organizational behavior, which is a fundamental element of a company’s triumph. Adaptations of performance appraisal and compensation packages were highly appreciated by the CEO of General Electric, Jack Welsch. Technical terminologies were implied in the Human Resource Management in late 1990’s such as Job Description, Job analysis, Competencies, Recruitment & Selection, Reward Systems,

How would you describe the expansion of the United States between 1783 Research Paper

How would you describe the expansion of the United States between 1783 and 1840s - Research Paper Example The expansion that took place in the period between 1783 and 1840 is the reason behind the large size of the USA and its current strong economic position. Is also led to the end of slave trade in the USA The first expansion of the USA took place in 1783 after the treaty of Paris which brought to an end the revolutionary war. England agreed to the claims of the Americans to own the southern land which included the great lakes and the Mississippi river (Rothman 57). The Americans were not successful in getting the Gulf of Mexico, and it remained under ownership of Spain. The next expansion of the United States took place in 1787 whereby the US expanded with the Northwest ordinance of 1787 (Rothman 116). This ordinance established the Northwest Territory, which covered states such as of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The expansion is renowned for having banned slavery in the north of Ohio River. In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson talked terms of the purchase of the French claims on the Louisiana territory which they had previously obtained from the Spain. The negotiations were secret, and it is believed that the president purchased the territory at a price of $15million. The land purchased included the western half of the Mississippi river, and it doubled the initial size of the USA. The purchase also extended to the Gulf of Mexico, which was very productive in agriculture. Settler’s movement to the Louisiana territory raised the question of slave trade. The settlers applied for statehood after reaching a number of 60000 and in 1819, it officially became a slave state (Morgan 34). Before 1810, the country had occupied most parts of the Mississippi river but had little control over its mouth which was located in the Spanish Florida (Shelly 239). In 1810, the United States seized the western part of Florida, and it led to the outbreak of war between the Spaniards and the Americans (Smith 17). However, the Spaniards relented since

A marketing plan to help Vinamilk organisation

A marketing plan to help Vinamilk organisation Vinamilk, one of top milk manufacturers in Vietnam, is specializing in manufacturing high quality products from core dairy products include liquid and powdered milk to value added dairy products such as condensed milk, cheese, yogurt and coffee The organisational objectives are to grow its market share in Vietnam as well as overseas countries. Hence, to expand market share in Australia, one of the large export markets of Vinamilk, this organisation has to develop a good marketing strategy for a product named Dielac Sure. This product, which is developed by Center for Nutrition Research and Product Development of Vinamilk, is good for older people and intolerant persons because it contains high protein and no lactose help to increase calcium absorption, digestion, advantageous bacteria and laxative, especially it is trusted to use as medicine. It is seen that there is a big opportunity for Vinamilk Company to sell the special product in this prosperous country, Australia with a highly developed economy and a diverse population, especially high demands of increasing number of older people on products good for their health and lifestyle. In addition, Vietnam and Australia are all members of World Trade Organisation (WTO), ASEAN Australian New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), therefore, Australia government breaks down trade barriers by liberalizing international trade and investment rules to support Vietnamese traders who want to run their business in Australia. However, to limit risks as well as human and financial resources, Vinamilk would initially use exporting as the mode of entry in this target market. It appears many challenges for Vinamilk when exporting Dielac Ensure into Australia such as strong competition, different consumers needs and wants, strict regulation s and high products standardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Conversely, Vinamilk can expand their international business once Dielac Ensure is accepted in Australia market, it can be also sold in New Zealand and other markets where have high demands about products. The purpose of this report is aim to increase the market share that Vinamilk organisation holding through introduction of Dielac Sure in the Australia market. This report, however, is prepared and based on assumption of Vinamilk, marketing strategy proposed in the report may change and it does not guarantee that it can achieve success in Australia. Structure of this report comprises of: Marketing environment Foreign market analysis Marketing strategy Marketing implementation Financials Evaluation and control procedures Through these analyses, Vinamilk will explore Australia market by this flexible marketing strategy with competitive prices and effective distribution channels, specially a product strategy. And it is expected that Vinamilks market share will be increased by 10 percent within two years when Dielac Sure is launched in Australia. This strategic marketing plan also recommends Vinamilk to apply SWOT analysis, Total Quality Management and Marketing Audit in evaluating and controlling marketing activities. These methods are very useful and efficient. Furthermore, Vinamilk should manage its employees, who play a vital role in marketing activities, in an effort to satisfy their demands and needs. If employees get high job satisfaction and a strong commitment to the organisation, employees will attempt in order to achieve the organisations goal and objectives. In addition, Vinamilk should focus on customers demands and wants first, and try to develop and maintain long term customer relationships. Finally, it is the international business, there are many risks for the organisation, it hence requires that Vinamilk should prepare careful exit strategies for the bad situation happen in the future. TABLE OF CONTENT I. INTRODUCTION Background Vietnam Dairy Product Joint Stock Company (Abbreviated Vinamilk) was founded in 1976 under the name of Southern Coffee Dairy Company with the initial capital only 100 billion VND. Going through 24 establishing and developing years, Vinamilk Corporation grows up and becomes a leading producer of dairy products in Vietnam, holding 75% of Vietnamese milk market as well as one of the top 100 strongest brands by the Vietnamese Ministry of Industry and Trade in 2006. (Vinamilk, 2010). At this time, VInamilk is manufacturing and trading many different product ranges including liquid and powdered milk, condensed milk, drinking and spoon yoghurt, ice cream, and cheese, coffeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Vinamilk commits that always satisfy customers with high-quality, safe, and diverse products, the best service and competitive prices. Besides strong domestic distribution with 183 distributing channels and 94,000 selling points throughout Vietnam, Vinamilk products are exported to many countries such as the Australia, United States, France, Canada, and Asia. Purpose of the report This report creates a marketing plan to help Vinamilk organisation, a Vietnamese brand to achieve a successful launch of Dielac Sure in Australian market, one of the potential markets for this product as well as for Vinamilk. However, the report has finished in a short time, there are many limitations in marketing research, customer analysis and the financial budget. The marketing strategy proposed to the organisation in this report may be changed in the future. II. FINDINGS Marketing environment 1.1 Cultural environment Today, Australian society is changing values and demographics. It results not only opportunities but also challenges to milk manufacturers, in particular to Vinamilk organisation. The increasing number of older Australian offers a big market segment for Dielac sure. Furthermore, this elderly population is trying to maintain active lifestyles as well as seeking solution to have healthy lifestyle. Australian people require products, which are good for their health and maintain quality of their sleep as well as quality of their life. It is apparently seen many Australian consumers now are looking for products friendly to the environment. There is a new tendency become Green consumer. They accept to spend more in purchasing products having eco friendly package as well as take an account of fair trade or environmental practices. (choice, 2009) The increasing of local supermarket, a huge supercenter is convenient for consumers purchase. They can buy Dielac Sure in anywhere at anytime. Besides, development of technology is playing a vital factor in supporting consumers purchase. Shopping online or buying at home through Internet or telephone is very convenient to busy consumers. Consumers are pay more trust on other peoples experiences and when decide buying purchase, they usually trend to buy brand, not buy products. 1.2 Economic Australia has a sustainable rate of economic growth with GDP per capita $38,500 in 2009 (ABS, 2009). It is slightly higher than that of the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and France representing the most populous countries. The economic crisis in 2008 affected the Australian economy by decreasing construction projects, housing turnover, including the serious decrease of commodity sales. The employment rate increased greatly. However, at the end of the fiscal year 2008, Australia still kept growing and gained the fastest pace 2.7% in 2009 (Economywatch, 2010). Australian is putting their confident in the economy due to continuously growing consumer price index. (ABS, 2010). The Australia Government is controlling consumer inflation on an average between two and three percent over business cycles by a responsible monetary policy. Consequently, the inflation is low at only 2.3% in March 2010 (ABS, 2010). In addition, with the sound and practical structure of financial regulations and institutions, Australia is seen as a potential investment destination for other countries. 1.3 Population Until now, population of Australia is over 22 million people with birth rate (12.47 births/1,000 population) is more than death rate 6.68 deaths/ 1000 population (ABS, 2010). Although it is the large country with the area over 7 million square kilometer, population of Australia is mainly concentrated in urban areas. This prosperous country has high GDP $997.2 billion (2009 est.) (CIA, 2010) and personal income per capita is high $19,213.50 per person  (Nation master, 2010) meanwhile inflation rate and unemployed rate is low, only 1.8% and 5.6% established 2009 (CIA, 2010). One element of Australias natural resource base is minerals. Other important natural resources involve forestry and fisheries, and together with agriculture, they contribute significantly to the Australian economy and Australias Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Since Australia purchases more goods and services from overseas than the value of goods and services it exports (ABARE, 2009a), export value of minerals hold approximately 7.7 per cent of GDP. Australia export value $160.5 billion is slightly less than import $4 million. Current account balance of Australia is -$29.89 billion (2009 est.) and ranking 182nd compared to the world. However, its exchange rate is so high 1.2894 AUD/ USD (2009). Goods enter Australia that be cleared by the Australian Customs Service and depending on the type and value of the goods or products, there may be costs involved, including clearance fees, customs duty, goods and services tax and other taxes. Especially, dairy products imported to Australia subject to Imported Food Control Act 1992. 1.4 Political and legal environment The Australian political environment is very stable. It has a lower rate of riots, terrorism and chaotic political dispute. Australia attracts new businesses by a strong, transparent corporate governmental system as well as low barriers to trade and investment. It is very easy to establish a new business in Australia. It only takes two days to complete the license. On 14 June 1990, an agreement on trade and economic co-operation between Australia and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was signed. It creates opportunities for Vietnamese companies doing their businesses in Australia. (Australian Treaty Series, 2010) In spite of this, it is an important and compulsory aspect that any organization has to consider in order to operate business legally in Australia. Vinamilk is in charge of protecting intellectual property rights worldwide, ensuring to enforce state as well as federal rules and regulations. In addition to regulation by Australian Government, Vinamilk needs to follow a number of laws and regulations, including the following: Trademarks: the logo or symbol represents for the company. Vinamilk has also registered the trademark in 79 countries including Australia in 1999. Patents: an exclusive right granted by a government to manufacture or use an invention during a specific period of time. Vinamilk can register its patent for this product that is safe for users and use as medicine for feeding . Copyright: The right of protecting the authors original products against illegal usage from plagiarism. Trade secret: used to prevent leaking secret traditional method. For instance, the secret of manufacturing natural latex rubber Dielac Sure of Vinamilk Company. Foreign market analysis 2.1 Describe market 2.1.1 Australian dairy industry 2.1.1.1 Overview The Australian dairy industry is Australias largest processed food industry, and ranks in the top four of the nations rural industries. Australias climate and natural resources are favorable to dairying and allow production based on year-round pasture grazing. Australia has almost two million dairy cows, producing around 9 billion liters of milk each year. http://www.readyed.com.au/urls/dairy/dairy.html Over two-thirds of the 9.4 litres of milk produced in 2008-09 was produced in Victoria, 10 percent in new South Wales and 7 percent in Tasmania. Dairying occupies a relatively large proportion of the agricultural sector in Tasmania Just over half the milk produced in Australia during 2008-09 was consumed by the domestic market; the remainder being exported as either drinking milk or manufactured products. 4 www.dairyaustralia.com.au Milk Production Report, viewed 16 February 2010. 5 In 2007-08 the value of Tasmanias livestock products (which mainly includes wool, milk and eggs) was $413 million. Of this amount $275 million was the estimated value of farmgate milk production (approximately 67 per cent). Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics 1307.6 Tasmanian State and Regional Indicators, December 2009 www.abs.gov.au; and www.dairyaustralia.com.au, Dairy 2009 Situation and Outlook, June 2009, p. 82. 7 About half of the domestic consumption is as drinking milk, the remainder being used in the production of cheeses, butter, and milk powders. Dairy Australia, Dairy 2009: Situation and Outlook, June 2009, www.dairyaustralia.com.au. 2.1.1.2 Recent developments In 2008, Dairy Australia reported that the Australian dairy industry was enjoying the best world market conditions in decadesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ international dairy commodity prices rose to record levels through 2007, due to consistent strong demand and tight supplies, as well as the effects of exchange rates and cuts in export subsidies. This led to higher farm-gate milk prices for Australian dairy farmers- prices increasingly by more than 50 percent in southern region during 2007-08. Dairy Australia did note that despite the optimism, the industry still remain constrained by the high cost and limited availability of production inputs, uncertain climatic conditions and reducing herb numbers. Australian Dairy Industry in Focus 2008, p. 3. Higher farm-gate prices continued into the 2008-09 season until, following the global financial crisis, milk processors reduced the price paid to farmers sharply. Besides, Australian milk production declined year on year by 4.9 percent in the first four months of 2009-10 as a result of drought and low water allocations in the irrigation system, the low prices as well as reduced demand. Monthly milk production Source: Dairy Australia, www.dairyaustralia.com.au. 2.1.1.3 Competitors in market The manufacturing sector of the Australian dairy industry has become more concentrated since the first stages of deregulation in the late 1980s; the outcome being increased foreign ownership and a reduction market share of farmer owned cooperatives. The five major companies have increased their milk processing capacity from 50 percent to 75 percent of the market. In 1999, the five largest milk manufacturers in Australia were Murray Goulburn, Bonlac, Daisy Farmers Group (all three entities were cooperatives), National Foods Ltd and Pauls/ Parmalat. Today, Bonlac is owned by Fonterra, and the Dairy Farmers Group has been acquired by National Foods. Fonterra (20 percent), together with Murray Goulburn (the largest remaining farmer owned cooperative, supplying 37% percent of Australias milk) are the prominent market players in the manufacturing milk market 2.1.1.4 Distribution Milk sold through various channels including fast food outlets, supermarkets, independent grocers, corner stores, and service stations. However, the sale of milk through the supermarket channel has slowly been increasing; Dairy Australia noting a recent change in the behavior of two large chains- they have embarked on a marketing campaign encouraging consumers to make comparisons between their own generic branded milk with that of branded products. Dairy Australia comment that although this behavior is unlikely to affect the volume of dairy products consumed there may be an impact on the channel and value of dairy sales as consumers seek greater value in their purchases and move to generic labeled and price discounted branded products. 2.2 Market size (ok) Drinking milk sales by state (million litres) NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS AUST 1979/80 531 437 249 127 119 41 1,504   1989/90 582 449 316 150 164 47 1,730 1999/00 597 440 383 185 190 48 1,933 2000/01 633 456 393 201 201 50 1,934 2001/02 626 460 403 185 200 50 1,924 2002/03 620 475 404 183 208 52 1,942 2003/04 627 476 418 196 212 52 1,981 2004/05 641 486 429 200 215 53 2,024 2005/06 660 499 444 192 216 50 2,061 2006/07 692 510 474 201 226 53 2,156 2007/08 682 524 499 205 237 55 2,202 2008/09(p) 696 533 510 208 241 56 2,244   Source: Milk processors and State Milk Authorities Australian milk consumption has been steadily shifting from regular to modified milk types, such as reduced and low fat milks, over a number of years. This trend reversed for a period during 2008, as consumers responded to rapidly increasing retail prices by switching to the relatively lower-prices regular full cream milks. The longer-term trend has returned during the most recent year. Drinking milk sales by  type (million litres) Regular Reduced Low  fat Flavored UHT Total 1989/90 1,257 322 111 40   1,730 1999/00 1,099 498 173 164 1,933 2000/01   1,094 415 95 165 165 1,934 2001/02 1,074 435 105 170 140 1,924 2002/03 1,055 440 120 174 153 1,942 2003/04 1,057 462 118 190 154 1,981 2004/05 1,063 492 116 199 154 2,024 2005/06 1,093 488 124 201 155 2,061 2006/07 1,107 530 125 213 181 2,156 2007/08 1,126 553 123 213 187 2,202 2008/09(p) 1,143 572 118 210 201 2,244   Source: Milk processors and State Milk Authorities http://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/Our-Dairy-Industry/Industry-Statistics/~/media/Documents/Our%20Dairy%20Industry/Latest%20Statistics/NationalMilkSalesAugust2010.ashx 2.3 Government participation http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/[emailprotected]/90a12181d877a6a6ca2568b5007b861c/b006a83a9127b0f5ca256dea00053965!OpenDocument Nowadays, Australian dairy industry operate in a deregulated and open market which only government involve being in the food standards and food safety assurance systems and prices are affected by world situation. A look at the dairy industry of Australia prior to 1 July 2000 reveals an industry governed by two separate sectors, the regulated market/fresh milk sector and the non-regulated manufactured milk sector; six separate dairy industries, one in each state; and high levels of Australian Government assistance and complex state government regulatory intervention. Regulation came in two forms; state government support of the market/fresh milk sector and Australian Government support of the manufactured milk sector. In the 1980s and 1990s state governments had the responsibility of controlling price and milk quality, and for formulating policy for the market/fresh milk sector. Up until deregulation, dairy farmers selling their milk as market milk received a substantially higher farm gate price than the average price paid for manufactured milk, even though there was little distinction between the two products. Across Australia under this regulated market, a number of different schemes existed which allocated the large guaranteed price premium proportionally to all dairy farmers, encouraging farmers to produce more milk than would be produced under free-market conditions. State governments also engaged in establishing legislation that regulated interstate access to their market milk sectors. The manufactured milk sector on the other hand was characterized by open access, with products from this sector being traded freely within and between states. Although the manufactured milk sector was characterized by open access, it was not totally devoid of policies that distorted the market for dairy products. Up until July 2000, measures to support domestic prices, restrict imports, subsidize exports and restrict the production of substitutes were used. By the early- to mid-1990s it was clear a fall in the price of market milk, relative to manufactured milk, was required and price controls and supply quotas needed to be removed or substantially reduced. The Australian Government began phasing out market support in the dairy industry, in line with its commitments to wind down protection in the manufacturing industries and other areas of agriculture. The deregulation of fresh milk pricing from 1 July 2000 had a major affect on farm gate prices for fresh milk. In 2000, around 18% of Australias total milk production was consumed as fresh milk. Victorias proportion of fresh milk to total milk production was only 6% compared with much higher proportions (about 45%) in New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia. Under regulation, all dairy farmers received a separate price for fresh and manufactured milk. After deregulation, most Victorian manufacturers offered dairy farmers a single, blended price for all milk, which reflected the emphasis of milk being used for manufacturing dairy products and the prices received from the exports of these dairy products in the rest of the world (Edwards 2001). The dairy industry today is fully deregulated, and every dairy farmers farm gate price for milk is now, due to natural forces of supply and demand, affected by world prices no matter where they live within Australia. Summary Conclusions about the Australia market In general, Australian milk production declined year on year and continue to fall in the future because of seasonal condition- drought and low water allocations in the Murray-Darling irrigation system, this thing will affect directly and make Australian milk price increase. Besides, the deregulation of milk pricing from 1 July 2000 had a major affect on milk price as well. It is not belong to government control and is affected by world prices. It is considered as one of the advantages if Vinamilk have the plan to enter this market. Marketing plan Vinamilk position itself as the prestige brand name with high quality products and service. To Dielac Sure, Vinamilk wants to target to the older customers by offering many benefits such as support immune system, balanced nutrition, rebuild muscles and strain, and maintain healthy weight From these benefits, Vinamilk is confident to compete with many strong milk brand names which were available in Australia for many years such as: Ensure of Abbott and Anlene of Fonterra. 3.1 Objectives Achieving a unit sales volume for the first year of 2,000 items. Total sales revenues of AUD $3,000,000 in the first year. Expected market share to be 5% in the first year. Aim for an average price of $1,500 per item. Expand consumer awareness of the Vinamilk brand name by 20%. 3.2 Product Dielac Sure is produced and developed by Center for Nutrition Research and Products Development of VINAMILK. And it also received The International Certificate in Food Safety and Hygiene HACCP. Moreover, this product has special nutrition with high protein and fat that: Supply energy and strengthen body in operating and growing. Recuperate patients health. Dielac Sure is available for feed patient through catheter (under the instruction of doctor or nutritionist) Ameliorate malnutrition. Suit for pregnancy and lactation women. Dielac Sure doesnt contain lactose and cholesterol; therefore it is the best choice for the elderly and lactose-intolerant persons. Dielac sure is packaged in a can weighed 400g and 1000g and labelled in English with full ingredients and careful directions. 3.3 Consumer buying behaviour 3.4 Communication media 3.5 Competitor analysis 3.6 Promotion mix Promotion includes four parts: public relation, advertising, personal selling and sales promotion. In terms of product life cycle, Dielac Sure is in the introduction stage in Australia market. Therefore, promotion requires heavy advertisings and public relations to build brand awareness and guide customers on products benefits. Vinamilk applies personal selling strategies to ensure distribution coverage and supply chain cooperation. Furthermore, Vinamilk should consider a sales promotion strategy, it is important for the company to encourage customers to have a trial on products; also trade sales promotion expedites distribution activities for the company. Advertising On television and radio The newspaper works and The Daily advertiser Billboards Public relation Sponsorship for charity events Direct telephone and send letters to collect customer database and invite them to join in a small party on Father Day and Mother Day. They are the days for families, which include a number of elders who are 40 and above. Personal selling Send business emails to some big retailers to introduce about our new products and increase the available distribution of products. Door to door selling activities will help promote the organisational prestige to customers. Sales promotion Buy 1 can Dielac Sure 1000g get 1free glass or cup. Loyalty program for instance, if customers buy enough 10 cans of Dielac Sure 1000g, they will receive one can 400g free. Encourage more consumers by holding an event one day examine free for older people. 3.7 Physical distribution 3.8 Channel of distribution Cooperating with the big supermarkets in Australia such as: Coles Woolworths Pharmacies 3.9 Price determination Can 400g: $10.90 Can 1000g: $ 21.50 Marketing implementation ACTIVITIES MONTH 1 MONTH 2 MONTH 3 MONTH 4 MONTH 5 MONTH 6 MONTH 7 MONTH 8 MONTH 9 MONTH 10 MONTH 11 MONTH 12 PIC I. Market analysis BN 1. Marketing research QH 2. Set a budget TT 3. Training staff BT II. Product activities NT 1. Finalize in development CT 2. Production runs MK IV. Distribution activities QM 1. Shipping to warehouses HN 2. Shipping to retail store GC 3. 5% quantity discount BV V. Promotion activities GE 1. Newspaper advertising EL 2. TV and radio advertising MP 3. Billboard advertising NATo get the success in doing this marketing strategy, Vinamilk will implement the first year of this marketing plan as follows 4. In store POS display LO 5. Sponsorship BT Direct telephone EL Send business e-mail SA Door to door activities CO Buy 1 get 1 Dielac Sure protection sheet PM Loyalty program PM 10% discount full pack HD Financial statements SALES FORECAST IN THE FIRST YEAR SALES FORECAST JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEP OCT NOV DEC UNIT SALES 100 150 300 280 250 500 600 400 350 380 500 550 UNIT PRICES (AUD) 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 SALES (AUD) 150,000 225,000 450,000 420,000 375,000 750,000 900,000 600,000 525,000 570,000 750,000 825,000 DIRECT UNIT COSTS 35% (AUD) 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 DIRECT COST OF SALES (AUD) 51,000 77,250 156,000 145,500 129,750 261,000 313,500 208,500 182,250 198,000 261,000 287,250 FINANCIAL BUDGET IN 1 YEAR MARKETING BUDGET 1ST QUARTER 2ND QUARTER 3RD QUARTER 4TH QUARTER YEAR TOTAL ADVERTISING Newspaper 1,259 1,684 1,593 1,748 6,284 Television 10,574 11,928 12,456 13,945 48,903 Bus station 584 673 894 721 2,872 Point of

Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Essay -- Instruction

English Language Learners (ELL) require appropriate education in the English language. Reading, writing, listening, pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar are important for an ELL student to learn. Educators should use individualized lesson plans that will cater to each student’s abilities and knowledge of the secondary language. An ELL classroom is formed with students who do not have the capability to speak or read English fluently. These students are unable to participate in a mainstream classroom without some type of help. The ELL classroom will give students more time to practice English. Comprehensible Input Comprehensible input is academic learning messages. An ELL student must participate if they want to learn the material. Krashen has five hypotheses for the acquisition of a second language. These hypotheses are: â€Å"acquisition learning, comprehensible input, monitor, affective filter, and natural order† (Krashen, 1981). Comprehensible input uses appropriate speech and clear explanation of tasks students need to accomplish during the school day. Students must be able to understand what is expected of them before they are able to complete the lesson or task. Comprehensible input will â€Å"be made meaningful when the speaker uses visual supports, nonverbal gestures, paraverbal support (whispers, sighs), graphic organizers, and realia (real objects that students can see) that focus learners on the concrete here and now† (Faltis, 2008). Visual aids are very beneficial for clarifying vocabulary terms to ELL students. On-Going, Specific, and Immediate Feedback Feedback is critical it must be given immediately to assist with the education. There are many types of feedback: direct, explicit written, individual conferences, di... ...4300068&v=2.1&u=canyonuniv&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&authCount=1. Krashen, S. D. (1981) Second language acquisition and second language learning. Retrieved December 29, 2011, from Web http://www.sdkrashen.com/SL_Acquisition_and_Learning/index.html. Morse, R., & Teyechea, N. (n.d.). Instructional strategies for ELL classrooms. Retrieved December 29, 2011, from Web http://www.mrmorsesclass.com/Instructional%20Strategies.pdf. McCall, J. (2005) Building Concepts and Vocabulary Before Reading. Retrieved December 29, 2011, from Web http://www.pd-network.com/lessons/frontloading_for_ell_article.pdf. Mustfa, N. (2002) Grouping in the ESL Classroom. Retrieved December 29, 2011, from Web http://www.melta.org.my/ET/2002/wp03.htm. Rothenberg, C., & Fisher, D. (2007). Teaching English Language Learners: A Differentiated Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

Challenges of the Job Analysis Process Essay

With internal and external factors such as budgetary constraint, technological advances and demographics are making it more challenging for Human Resource Management. Companies as well colleges and universities are finding it more difficult to forecast and plan for the future. With the help of HR strategies and methods companies are able to utilize available resources to recruit and hire suitable candidates. Human Resource professionals’ development methods for posting vacancies, developing and implementing recruitment strategies, identifying and selecting candidates, assuring all pre-employment requirements are met, and confirming job offers. Since a large number of applications are received each year, it is impossible to interview of all applicants by Human Resources Department. However, all applications are reviewed and applicants whose qualifications and experience seem most appropriate to the opening for which they have applied are generally selected for screening interviews with the Office of Human Resources or the hiring department. This process is where forecast, planning, job analysis and human resource strategies are crucial when creating a strong workforce. Impact Of Job Analysis On Job Performance: Analysis of a Hypothesized Model found in the Journal of Diversity Management. This study was based on a study of employees of Pakistan Public sector regulatory authorities of telecommunication, oil and gas, power, media, security exchange, banking sector and organizations being regulated by these authorities is an attempt to develop and test a hypothesized model linking HR importance of job analysis with employee job performance. The study concluded that the Human Resource Management must develop better tools to measure the effectiveness of the job analysis process. The job analysis process is not a singularly a good measurable tool for performance. However it can prove to be a useful way to tie together employee performance standards. It is with guarded optimism, to solely rely only on practices to prove a direct link with the analysis and desired outcome. A job analysis model may be a tested method to provide factual evidence to give HR professionals to link their efforts with the job performances. Works Cited: Safdar, Rehman, Ajmal Waheed, and Khattak Hamid Rafiq. â€Å"Impact of Job Analysis on Job Performance: Analysis of a Hypothesized Model.† Journal of Diversity Management 5.2 (2010): 17-36. Business Source Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013. Strategic HR and Talent Management in Higher Education This article addresses the challenges of seeking a talented and diverse faculty and staff for colleges and universities. In this ever changing world of higher education, the Human Resource professionals must seek faculty and staff members domestically as well as globally to stay competitive and relevant with today’s students. Human Resources department are using well tested methods for recruitment and selection such as: †¢ Job analysis and the establishment of required and preferred qualifications based on position requirements; †¢ Development of effective and efficient sourcing and outreach processes that attract talented and diverse candidates; †¢ The ability to market the institution as an employer of choice; †¢ Training hiring authorities and search committees on structured interviewing and screening procedures; †¢ Assessment of candidates using standardized, valid instrumentation and assessment; †¢ Development of hiring policies and accountability structures; †¢ Ensuring compliance with federal and state nondiscrimination laws. In conclusion, with budgetary challenges’ many colleges and universities face, Human Resources is still expected to find the most talented and respected faculty members to help increase recognition in the area of higher learning. Human Resource professionals in colleges and universities have yet to take advantage of existing opportunities to develop solid approaches for both faculty and staff to participate in the job analysis development plans regarding moving talent management practices into viable programs and proposals. Work Cited: Strategic HR and Talent Management in Higher Education. (2012). ASHE Higher Education Report, 38(1), 45-67. New Tricks for an Old Dog: Visualizing Job Analysis Results For several years many Human Resource professionals have used the same job analysis methods to gather information to develop job characterizations. These methods have proven to be very reliable and effective. However, technological advances in data analysis and visualization techniques offer opportunities to incorporate new practices and build upon the success of past methods. Data analysis techniques that intermingle visualization offer an opportunity to better interpret job analysis results, thus making study results more influential and efficient. As defined the article, information visualization and knowledge visualization are young interdisciplinary fields that draw heavily from cognitive science, visual perception, and computer science. Information visualization is the representation of selected features or elements of abstract and complex data. Whereas information visualization requires the use of computer-supported tools to analyze large amounts of data, knowledge visualization involves the transfer of knowledge among persons. Both methods rely on competency based job analysis and web based surveys. In summary, it has been proven that visualization of job analysis information is an effective and efficient method for collecting and presenting data. However, very little research has been done in this area. Instead, Most Human Resource professionals continue to rely on the same methods of collecting data for creating job description and KSA’s. With the help of technology, visualization techniques may prove to be more effective and more efficient for gathering and interpreting job analyses. Now is the time to explore and adopt new methods as the workforce is continuing to become more competitive and challenging. Work Cited: Stetz, Thomas A., Scott B. Button, and W. Benjamin Porr. â€Å"New Tricks for an Old Dog: Visualizing Job Analysis Results.† Public Personnel Management 38.1 (2009): 91-100. Business Source Complete. Web. 22 Sept, 2013. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "studymoose.com"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

English Track Paper

Even as an early age, I was always hypnotized whenever I watched any sport. It was as if I were starring at a wizard’s enchanted globe. I remember being fascinated with the skills demonstrated by athletes in their particular arena of sports. Whether it was good dribbling skills of a basketball player, great footwork of a boxer, or incredible running power of a running back, any athlete with a good amount of skill was able to enslave my attention. My dad first encouraged my passion for sports at the age of 5. I remember watching basketball, football, boxing, track, tennis, and other sports in the living room with him. On the weekends, my dad would always spend a couple of hours throwing the football, shooting a few hoops, and racing to see who was the fastest with me. This not only fueled the flame of my sports passion, but it sowed the seeds of growth in my young physical and mental well-being. To me, my dad is like a great scientist or teacher when he introduced me to the concept that good physical and mental fitness go hand-in-hand. Even though I am an avid fan of many sports, the one I actively participated in was track. I ran track during my middle and high school years. During my middle school years, I was a decent track runner as most middle school students are. When I reached high school, I was an ok runner at first, nothing exceptional. Then my parents made the decision that would bring my running game to the next level and I didn’t even know it. During the summer after my sophomore year, my parents decided to enroll me in K-Y track club. It was basically a summer league track team that competed with other local and regional teams. When they first told me, I wanted to stage violent protests and start a bloody revolution. I was thinking, I don’t want to run in the summertime you idiots! If you think it’s such a good idea why don’t you get out there and run! † I thought to myself, wishing I had the guts to say it to my parents. Despite my protests, I was forced to go. Little did I know I was going to meet another one of my great teacher of sports; Coach Willie. Coach Willie is a well known and respected track coach in the Baton Rouge and surrounding areas. He has been coaching track for several years, and has coached several local, regional, and national champions. He was one of the greatest and most knowledgeable athletic teachers and trainers I have ever met. He re-programmed my running game to give it maximum efficiency and output, as he has done for several kids. The road to improvement was not easy; I had no clue of what I was in for during the first day of practice. The first practice took place by memorial stadium in Baton Rouge. After running many laps around the stadium, running up and down the hills the surround it, and numerous other sprints and exercises, I threw up which was usually a sign that I had a good practice, learned something, and was ready to go home. I asked one of the other kids a seasoned veteran of Coach Willie was it time to go home. He looked and laughed and said, â€Å"Practice just started that was just warm-up exercises. † I think I was too shocked to faint at first. â€Å"Just a warm-up! School track practice wasn’t this hard! † Now I really hated my parents, what kind of death-camp had they signed me up for?! I could have just gotten a job! This is pretty much how the first half of the summer went. I would wake-up thinking of a lie that could get me out of practice for the day. Try the lie on a parent, have lie fail and have to go to practice anyway. While at practice, would engage in what Coach Willie termed â€Å"up-grading† and â€Å"re-building†. Up-grading ourselves from the laziness we had acquired in his absence and re-building ourselves from the current level of garbage we were at, to the machines we should be. â€Å"I’m actually saving your lives. † Coach Willie would say as he walked watching us practicing and training with sweat-drenched bodies. â€Å"You should be paying me a hundred thousand, no a million dollars for even being out here looking at y’all. Not to mention getting you right† He would shout as he watched us from behind his aviator shades, barking commands as he watched us get in training formations like an army of well-muscled children soldiers. We were trained to be the most lethal competitors that stepped on the track at any meet we went to, to kill and dismember competition with no remorse. â€Å"Training and attitude separates winners and losers ladies and gentlemen. † Coach Willie would preach while bearing down us from beneath those shades, his silver-whistles hanging from his neck, reminding me of a slave-master’s whip. Every time he blew it, the mass of us would change exercises, or slow down or speed-up while running, mostly speed-up. For me the first half of the summer was brutal, not to mention the track meets. Whereas the competition in my school district had been kind of good the completion in summer league track was next level. I mean fourteen, fifteen and sixteen year olds were walking around reminding me of Nazi experimental super-soldiers. Every race I ran in I was pretty much punished and embarrassed. By the time the fifth or sixth meet came, Coach Willie had begun to give me a few pointers during practice and he began to gradually bring the dog in me out. I was a sprinter so he helped with getting a good start or â€Å"getting out of the starting blocks good† in track-talk. â€Å"A good start can win the first 40 yards of the 400 meter dash. So being able to get out the blocks smoothly is important† Coach Willie told me, he trained me on that and maintaining explosiveness of my speed during the race. I also begin to push myself and train a little harder during practice. It was difficult at first, but I began to notice the pointers Coach Willie was giving me would always shave a second or mille-second off my running time. I went from being last in the races, to being second-to-last, to being third-to-last, and so on. I knew I had truly made improvement when I placed third at a meet. Yes, I was actually in the top three and not last for once! I was ecstatic! Right about that time the summer track season was ending and school was re-starting. I was surprised to see myself actually feeling regret that summer-league season was over. When school track season started back I had forgotten that the competition in our school district was not on the same level as the competition in summer league track. I had gotten used to competing against some seriously good runners. The first day of track practice bore a hint of what was to come. When I emerged on the football field, which was where we practiced, something was different about me. My eyes had keen and dark look of wolf, my walk was well-coordinated like a boxer. My face bore a mean frown. My teammates watched as I stripped out of my tracksuit to warm-up. Eyes widened, jaws dropped, where there had been a skinny wimp now stood a finely-muscled, well-trained, running-assassin. I began to institute my new world order in our school track district. I quickly began decapitating the competition in track meets. I went from being a joke to being feared on the track, every meet I left opponents disemboweled on the track, showing no remorse or mercy. My teammates began to do better also; it was like we fed off each other’s dark energy. An energy which I was the first to bring to the team. It was like I was the leader of a ruthless band of mercenary and we fulfilled only the highest contracts. I remember wishing I could make a belt or necklace with the heads of fallen opponents. At the peak of my track career I was third in our school-district among sprinters. This was pretty good to me seeing as how far I had come and that the other two guys on top were very good. All of this change I owed to Coach Willie. This taught to fight and leave it all on the field in life and sports. To never give less than 100%. I owe Coach Willie much thanks, I’m glad he put that competitive attitude in me. To always be willing to out-fight, out-think, out-train, and out-work my opponent. Always try harder. Lock on it like a pit-bull terrier. This is one of the many reasons I love sports, I love when it comes down to the wire, when athletes give it their all and it is pound-for-pound, blow-for-blow, that is where training and attitude come into play, which is what sports and life is all about.