The Jazz Age Essay - 1590 Words

The Jazz music of the Big Band Era was the peak of over thirty years of musical development. Jazz was so innovative and different that it could literally sweep the world, changing the musical styles of nearly every country. Big band Jazz that makes the feet tap and the heart race with excitement that it is recognized with nearly every type of music. The musical and cultural revolution that brought about Jazz was a direct result of African-Americans pursuing careers in the arts following the United States civil war. As slaves African-Americans has learned few European cultural traditions. With more freedom to pursue careers in the arts and bringing African artistic traditions to their work, African-Americans changed music and dance, not†¦show more content†¦Some of the notes dont even exist in European musical scales, so they were not recognized easily. The New Orleans bands of the late 19th century from which Big Bands evolved were varied. Some were social bands that played popular songs and music for dancing, some played marches and rags for weekend picnics and parties. Others specialized in their own variations on work and blues songs. Big Band Jazz had its start in New Orleans in 1898 at the end of the Spanish-American war. Military bands returned to the port to flood the city with used band instruments. And African-Americans interested in music quickly bought up hundreds of these instruments and began to form bands. Starting from square one, enthusiastic African American musicians taught themselves to play. This had two results: unconventional playing techniques and unconventional rendering of popular musical tunes. The playing techniques led to new and interesting sounds entering musicians vocabulary: trumpet and trombone growling sounds, wah-wah sounds, the use of odd household objects as mutes, and others. The unconventional rendering of popular musical tunes led to Jazz. An African-American playing a popular tune would play it adding some African musical traditions, different musical scales and different and complex rhythms. These early Jazz bands played music that was, to put it mildly, loosely structured. A soloist or an instrumental section of the band played the melody and theShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of the Jazz Age911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Influence Of The Jazz Age Was it the music that made everyone rebel or was it the beautiful arrogant people. In the 1920’s was it an age of miracles and change or just disaster. Such as, new technology, better things, love and leisure. Music just filled people’s spirits with lust and want. The radio/music had brought many people together like nothing ever before. Jazz music became popular everyone loved it. It made you want to do anything you wouldn’t normally do. Jazz became extremely popularRead MoreThe Jazz Age Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe era of the Roaring Twenties, was a time of great societal change. Many of these changes were greatly influenced by jazz music. During this time, the country was coming out of World War I and the attitude of most people was dark and dismal. Dance and music clubs became tremendously popular in an effort to improve the quality of life for many people. After experiencing the death and destruction caused by World War I, young men and women were ready for a change. They wanted to forget aboutRead MoreTaking a Look at the Jazz Age1600 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica is rejoicing. The Jazz Age was a time of change and new beginnings for Americans. During the Jazz Age, the United States erupted in new musical and cultural changes. These changes can be seen through the shift in literature, from conservative to contemporary writings, by literary giants like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Bessie Smith. The Jazz Age was known as the Roaring Twenties, and is still popular today due to its infamous jazz music, flappers, and prohibition. The Jazz Age was an exciting, andRead MoreThe Jazz Age By Toni Morrison1700 Words   |  7 Pagesrefer to this time period as â€Å"The Jazz Age†. When jazz music was introduced to the public at clubs and dance halls it took off! People were either captivated by it, or appalled by it. Jazz was all about moveme nt; it was driven by syncopation and improvisation, and for some it was considered â€Å"the devil’s music.† The novel Jazz by Toni Morrison allows you to wonder down the seductive streets of Harlem where it all began. The book gives a sense of both the scandal of Jazz music and the history alongsideRead MoreThe Roaring Twenties, the Jazz Ages and the Age of Paranoia Essay537 Words   |  3 Pagestwenties, the jazz age, and age of paranoia. Flappers and bootleggers were found at this time. They smuggled rum in small flasks inside their boots; this is where they get the name bootleggers from. All of the men who smuggled the rum in their boots had a run-in with the cops; this is how the sport NASCAR came around. Flappers were women who cut their hair short and wear skirts about their knees. The well known things of the 1920s were the roaring twenties, the jazz age, and the age of paranoiaRead MoreThe Jazz Age : A Time Of Roaring Change1105 Words   |  5 PagesThe Jazz Age: A Time of Roaring Change The years following the United States involvement in World War I brought about social change and great fortune. The 1920s, also known as the Jazz Age and the Roaring Twenties, was a time of economic prosperity, automobiles, consumerism, music, film, fashion, and literature. All of this created a new American popular culture. The American economy flourished after World War I. The United States was involved in the war as part of the Allied Powers, and continuedRead MoreThe Jazz Age And Its Impact On American Society2652 Words   |  11 Pagesour nation was the nineteen twenties, which can likewise be alluded to as the Roaring Twenties or Jazz Age. The Jazz Age Positively affected American life and society because people were into this new style of music, jazz. Numerous other innovations during this period also changed the minds of the U.S. individuals, which basically modified the nations norms and ethics. It will become obvious how jazz music impacted life during the economically bloated roaring twenties. This paper will also talk aboutRead MoreEssay about Rapid Changes During the Jazz Age755 Words   |  4 Pagesafter WWI in the era called the Jazz Age. During the Jazz Age, Paris became the center of the artistic movement. Artists of all sorts from every corner of the globe traveled to Paris. Ernest Hemingway was there during this time, and his life in 1920s Paris is documented in his memoir A Moveable Feast. Along with Hemingway, F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald, Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, and Cole Porter were all prominent figures in the artistic movement in the Jazz Age (Weber). Gertrude Stein hostedRead MoreFree Living in Fitzgerald ´s Echoes of the Jazz Age Essay544 Words   |  3 PagesFitzgerald does not associate the Jazz Age with jazz music, but he does associate it with free going men and women. Fitzgerald believes that the Jazz Age was a was a time of no care and living life to the fullest. He says â€Å"wherefore eat, drink, drink and be merry, for to-morrow we die†(16). This is showing that the people of the Jazz Age did not care what happened tomorrow as long as they lived today to its fullest. When he s ays â€Å"that something had to be done with all the nervous energy stored upRead MoreEssay on How Did American Culture Change During the Jazz Age?1140 Words   |  5 PagesWhat was the Jazz Age in America? Also known as the Roaring Twenties’, it was when American ways were beginning to modernize. Before the stock market had crashed and the Great Depression started, culture was booming in America. Dance was changing rapidly and new styles of dances were being created. Women began to wear shorter clothes, cut their hair, and some even had jobs, while the Flapper girls gave other young women an outlook of freedom. People began to go see films and movie stars became famous

Why President Hindenburg Gave Hitler Chancellorship in 1933 Free Essays

Throughout this essay, I will be aiming to explain why President Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi party, as Chancellor in 1933. There were many factors that affected Hindenburg’s appointment however, from a behind-the-scenes power struggle between Germany’s leading politicians, the fear of Communism, and the fact that the Nazi’s were indeed the largest party represented in the Reichstag, having previously gained a large 37. 5% of the votes in 1932. We will write a custom essay sample on Why President Hindenburg Gave Hitler Chancellorship in 1933 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under normal circumstances, Hitler would have been made Chancellor as he came from the largest party represented. However, backstage politics and a dislike towards him from Hindenburg stalled Hitler’s hopes of becoming Chancellor. But firstly, before going into detail into some of the factors, I will set the scene regarding the state of Germany and indeed the world, post WW1, leading up to 1933. Following defeat in WW2, and the abdication of the German Kaiser, Germany was in crisis, lacking leadership and support from its people. There was no support for the Provisional Government who had just signed the Armistice, despite the German people believing they were on the brink of winning the war, prompting the ‘stab in the back theory’. The following year, the new Republic, the Weimar Government signed the Treaty of Versailles, something else that angered the German people as it made Germany pay astronomical reparation sums in compensation and have its army drastically reduced to 100,000 men. Hitler used both of these stories in building support for the Nazi’s in the early 30’s. What followed was a period of hyperinflation in 1923 as Germany couldn’t keep up with the reparation demands of the Allies; many German people suffered with poverty and lost life savings. What followed however were years of prosperous fortune for the German people, known as the ‘Golden Twenties’. Gustav Stresemann led the recovery, restoring Germany’s international reputation, rebuilding a troubled economy, and seeking help from the US through the Dawes Plan in 1924, before his untimely death in 1929. 1929 saw Wall Street, the US stock exchange crash, kicking off the Great Depression. Germany was hit hard and faced mass unemployment, rising to 6 million people by 1932. It was around this time that people started taking Left Wing parties seriously, voting for the Communists and the Nazi’s. The conditions gave Hitler ammunition to gain support from the people. Hitler was a renowned public speaker and would make up any lie to please the people of Germany at any time, in any place. Coupled with his Nazi propaganda and the fear of Communism in Germany, Hitler had the perfect platform to gain votes in the Reichstag, and would soon be on his way to becoming Chancellor. Now, having looked at the history behind the years leading up to 1933, I can now look deeper into the individual factors behind Adolf Hitler cementing his position as Chancellor. In my opinion, the main reason as to why Hindenburg made Hitler Chancellor in 1923 was because the Nazi’s had indeed become the largest party in the Reichstag. As mentioned previously, the party had gained 37. 5% of the votes in the previous election, and although this wasn’t a majority politically, it had become a majority psychologically, in the fact that the Nazi’s could no longer be ignored as they had been in previous years. This was proven when Franz Von Papen, much to Hitler’s distress was given Chancellorship in late 1932. He was the leader of the Catholic Centre Party but as the Nazi’s controlled over a third of the Reichstag, he failed to gain full support. General Von Schleicher was in the same boat, as he also failed to gain full support. Enter Adolf Hitler, the only man who could truly get anything done, as he was the only man who could unite the Reichstag, making him the obvious choice for Chancellor. Another factor leading to Hitler’s rise to Chancellorship was the popularity of himself, the party, and the policies they promoted. The Nazi’s policies seemed to suit all of the German people, and he would even lie to the people in order to gain their full support. Policies such as rebuilding the army, abolishing mass unemployment, and his attitude towards ‘inferior’ races would not have gone un-noticed by Hindenburg, as he would have seen this drastic rise in support, as well as the rise in seats in the Reichstag. Coupled with the policies of the Nazi’s are Hitler’s inspiring, heart-felt speeches. Widely-regarded as one of the greatest public speakers of all time, alongside people such as Martin Luther King, he had the ability to tug on the heartstrings of people who didn’t even support the Nazi’s, especially when he spoke of making Germany great again and restoring a broken country to its former stature. This was a quality that President Hindenburg certainly wanted in his Chancellor, someone who could connect with the nation and address them with such power and belief, provided it could be controlled. Other factors leading to Hitler becoming Chancellor was the fear of Communism throughout Germany. In the years 1930-1932, the support for the German Communist party increased astronomically, due to support from the working class. It was also well documented that the German Communist Party was the largest in Europe (outside of the Soviet Union). However, not all people liked the Communists, and many large business owners and farmers chose to vote for the Nazi’s. In fact, many of the votes that the Nazi’s received were actually gained because people didn’t want to vote for the Communists and because of Hitler’s publicized hatred towards them. If the Communists had ceased to exist, many would question if the Nazi’s would have received many votes at all? In summary, there was very weak opposition to the Nazi’s, with the Democrats and Communists refusing to work together and stop the Nazi’s, no one offered a stern resistance and seemed more content with arguing than resolving Germany’s political issues. This would have also been recognised by Hindenburg, and even though he disliked Hitler he couldn’t afford to appoint a Chancellor that didn’t offer strong, effective leadership. Hitler seemed to be the perfect choice at that moment in time. Another considerable factor which helped Hitler in his rise to power was the Wall Street Crash of 1929, which eventually led to the Great Depression, something that rocked the entire world. Germany had been struck with its second economic crisis of the decade, and without Gustav Stresemann, the Weimar Government didn’t have the brain they needed to ‘steady the ship’. This led to mass unemployment, starvation, German Firms going bankrupt and people lost the confidence to invest. Mass unemployment left the Government short on money, as workers were no longer paying taxes; therefore they were unable to do anything to help the poor, making them extremely unpopular. Enter the extremist parties, and as unemployment figures rose over the coming years, so did the votes for the Nazi’s and by January 1932, the Nazi party had received 13. 4 million votes. In this time of hardship, Hindenburg had to go with who the people wanted. The Weimar Government had run its cause, and Germany needed a new Chancellor, someone who they could look at with optimism and belief. Hindenburg realised that this man was Adolf Hitler. My final reasons as to why I believe Hitler was made Chancellor in 1933, is due to the belief of Hindenburg and Von Papen that they could ultimately control Adolf Hitler, and act as puppet-master’s behind the scenes, having Hitler, the public idol, transfer their messages. They believed that if they conveyed their ideology through Hitler, the public would be more respectful of the decisions. At this point, only 3 of the 12 politicians who made up Hitler’s cabinet were actually Nazi’s, and with Von Papen as Vice-Chancellor, Hindenburg believed he could be controlled. In the following months, Hitler blamed the Reichstag Fire on the Communists and with the Presidents help, banned them from future elections and threw major Communist leaders into jail. He then forced the Nationalist party to join the Nazi’s and create a Coalition, giving him the majority he needed to pass the Enabling Law, which meant he could now do as he wished, and after President Hindenburg’s untimely death in August 1933, he became dictator of Germany. Although Von Papen and Hindenburg originally believed they could control him, Hitler had obtained way too much power over the course of 1933, in complete contrast to what they wanted him to achieve. Overall, I do not believe that there was one decisive factor that cemented Hitler’s position as Chancellor, instead, it was a mixture of a variety of circumstances that all seemed to fall in to place at the right time for the Nazi’s. Hypothetically speaking it was like a giant row of dominoes, with each domino resembling a factor, all toppling in unison. However, remove a factor, such as the Wall Street crash or the fear of Communism, and you break the chain that Hitler needed to become Chancellor. Therefore I believe that along with parts of political genius, Hitler also received numerous strokes of fortune on the road to becoming one of the most powerful leaders the world had ever seen. How to cite Why President Hindenburg Gave Hitler Chancellorship in 1933, Essay examples

Business Investments Price of Bonds

Question: Discuss about the Business Investments for Price of Bonds. Answer: Executive Summary The purpose of this paper is to design a portfolio for a High Net Worth Australian individual keeping his requirements in context. The portfolio will be designed doing the appropriate research and with a mix which satisfies all the clients requirements. The risk assessment of the portfolio has been done using proven methods such as standard deviation et all. The first section of this paper deals with the identification of the clients needs so that investment parameters could be defined. In the second section we shall construct the portfolio based on the parameters identified and by analysing various asset classes such as equity, debts, cash, bonds, property etc. Thirdly we will do a risk reward analysis in which we will calculate the absolute and the relative returns. In the last section of the paper we end with appropriate recommendations to the client based on the analysis done. Introduction Portfolio means a group of assets selected such that the risk can be diversified without losing on the returns. An investor seeking to build a portfolio is riddled with a lot of available choices. The choice has to be made based on the risk return characteristics of each individual security. Another contention is also to what weightage of his/her corpus to allocate to what kind of security. (Bodie, et al., 2014) We can summaries the process of portfolio construction into five steps as following: Setting objectives: The first step towards portfolio holding is setting objectives keeping in mind the investment horizon, individuals risk bearing capacity and his required returns. (Keel, 2006) Other factors to be kept in mind is the tax rate, current macro economic environment etc. Defining Policy: Once the objectives have been set, a suitable investment policy must be established. This step involves choosing the right mix of assets based on the portfolio objectives identified. Applying portfolio strategy: Portfolio strategy selection based on how proactively involved the investor wants to be in his investments. The two strategies at the opposite spectrums are active and passive respectively. While an active strategy demands higher participation of the fund manager and the individual the passive strategy allows the investor to have a passive stance. Active strategy involves being sensitive to interest rate changes and returns in investments even over a short period of time and hence changing the asset mix of portfolio based on the prevailing market conditions. Hence an active investor would go for more short term investments and less long term investments. For example, if an active investor has invested in an asset class which has shown a 4% loss rather than waiting for it to recover its price he/she might chose to take a proactive stance on it. Similarly if bond prices fall due to rise in interest rates the active participant would immediately sell the bonds while the passive investor whos more concerned about the coupon payments would stay invested. A totally passive strategy usually involves buying securities to match a preselected market index. For example a passive investor would rather invest in equity mutual funds than individual stocks because investing in individual stocks would require active involvement. Passive strategies rely more heavily on diversification to reduce risk. Rather than outperformance risk aversion is the desired attribute of the portfolio. In practice, many active funds are managed somewhere between the active and passive extremes, the core holdings of the fund being passively managed and the balance being actively managed by appointed fund managers.(Morgan Stanley, 2010) Asset selections: Once the strategy is decided, the next stop involves picking up assets individual assets in which to invest and how much to invest. For this purpose the portfolio might employ an well laid down process known as investment process. Again based on portfolio strategy asset selections would be done. Performance assessments: In order to study the performance of portfolio the performance can be reviewed at periodic intervals. For example for investment in equities the benchmark can be the SP/ASX 200 index. Setting Objectives The given individual is 58, has a corpus of 1 billion AUD. He wants his corpus to grow at CPI+2% plus annum and wants to take out 5 million AUD each year from his portfolio to pursue his interests. Since from 2006 to 2016 if we look at the historical CPI data as per the website of Australian Bureau of Statistics the growth from March 2016 to June 2016 has been 28% which is a compounded growth of approximately 2.5% year over the given 10 periods. (RBA, 2006)Since we too are looking at an investment horizon of 10 years we too can stick with same values for CPI especially considering the fact that of late Australian economy has been stable and key benchmarks such as the OCR, inflation, growth projections, AUD vs USD all have been more or less trading at very low volatility. The RBA too through the application of various mechanisms too intend to keep it that way. Hence we would need a growth of 5% post-tax on his corpus to satisfy all his requirements which are as follows: A drawing of 5 million annually. A growth of 4.5% on the initial capital invested. Considering the fact that he is in his late 50s and a moderately conservative investor we will try to construct a portfolio in such a manner that only does it give him the requisite returns but also is not very risky in nature. Defining Policy and choosing assets The various asset classes that we have taken as part of consideration for inclusion in the clients portfolio include cash instruments, equities, government bonds, Australian property, foreign equities and Australian fixed interest. To satisfy his requirements we will chose a mix which has all of this in the mix and gives a return in sync with the clients needs. Since the individuals portfolio strategy would be passive aggressive we stay out of complicated financial products like derivatives and commodity indexes. The table below summarises the returns on various asset classes described. Security Type Expected Return Pre tax Certificate of Deposits 3.2% 2-year bonds 3.25% 10-year bonds 4.25% Foreign Equities 10% Australian Equities 5% Property 9.5% The returns on Certificate of deposits has been taken from the site of Australia and Newels bank which states that for an investment of more than 50,000 AUD the rate of return is 3.2%, interest paid annually. The rate of return on Government bonds have been taken from Bloomberg. (Bloomberg, 2016) Long term bonds have a higher return than short term bonds because with an increase in time the risk increases for which the investors seek a premium.(AAII, 2008) Australian equities historic return has been 5%. (Damodaran, 2016)Through our own analysis we have also computed it to be similar. If we compare the SP/ASX 200 index over the 5-year period, we see that the index has climbed to 5433 FROM 4296.5 which depicts an annual growth of 5%. The data is as per the website of Australian Stock Exchange(ASX). Since we have already decided that we would have a passive stance our investment strategy would be to invest in an equity mutual fund with a reputable fund manager like Teradata or McQuarries which have consistently been giving higher than market returns. Even the portion in equities would be further diversified into 2-3 different funds such as small cap and mid cap funds. The rate of return on foreign equities especially those in emerging economies such as Indonesia and India has been found to be 10%.(Fair, 2016) The rate of return on investments in property has been found to be 9.5% over the last 20 years. If we look at short term returns have been even more lucrative but since we are looking at an investment horizon of 10 years we go with this figure.(ANZ, 2016) Portfolio strategy For the individual our portfolio strategy would be a mix of passive and aggressive with more affinity towards passive since he is already into late 50s and would rather pursue his charitable and artistic interest than being bothered about on a daily basis about his investments. Another factor why we opt for this strategy is because the minimum period for which he stays invested is given as 10 years.Keeping his strategy in mind the assets would be chosen accordingly. Asset Selection Since the individual is under the taxation slab of income of more than 180,001 AUD as per ATO hence effectively his income from his investments would be taxed at approximately 45%. Hence the effective returns that he requires on his portfolio would be 7.25%. We decide that 5 million AUD that the investor requires for his expenses and interests should never stop as a result of market and portfolio volatility and hence we would invest a part of his corpus such that 5 million AUD returns would be guaranteed irrespective of market and economic conditions. For that purpose, we would invest a portion of corpus in a risk free asset so that the 5 million AUD return is guaranteed at all times. Now an example of risk free asset would be government 2 year bonds and certificate of deposits in commercial banks. (Ernst and Young, 2015)Hence 10% of his corpus has been invested accordingly. Similarly keeping in mind his return requirements the rest of his corpus allocation has done. The table below summarises the allocation of the individuals corpus security wise. Security Type Expected Return Weight Weighted Average Return Certificate of Deposits 3.2% 5% 0.16% 2 year bonds 3.25% 5% 0.1625% 10 year bonds 4.25% 10% 0.425% Foreign Equities 10% 25% 2.5% Australian Equities 5% 25% 1.25% Property 9% 30% 2.7% Total 100% 7.1975% Performance Assessment The returns that have been calculated are base case which can be expected 80% of the times and hence we can break the returns on our portfolio scenario wise. Scenario Probability Expected Return Worst 0.1 8.4% Base 0.8 7.2% Worst 0.1 6% Hence we calculate portfolio measures such as standard deviation and variance. Calculations have been done on a spreadsheet and the results are summarised in the table below. Measure Value Variance 0.0648 Standard Deviation 25.46% Variance is varianceis theexpectationof the squared deviation of arandom variablefrom itsmean, and it informally measures how far a set of (random) numbers are spread out from their mean. Standard deviation is a measure of how much members of group differ from the mean value.(New York University, 2013) It is obtained by taking the square root of variance. Recommendations While it is understood that the individual wants to leave an enjoyable peaceful retired life pursuing charities and interests it would augur well for him and his investments as well as his family if he would take an active interest in his portfolios performance. That can be done by periodic reviews of his portfolio performance as well as being updated about the macro and micro economic environment that impacts his portfolios performance. It would also be good if he keeps himself updated about new financial products and how he wants to change his investments depending on if his requirements of portfolio performance change. Conclusion Keeping in mind the individuals requirements and profile the portfolio has been constructed using the tried and tested principles of diversification and risk aversion. The selection has been done such that the fund managers do maximum work and the individual can be at relative peace regarding his investments. Through various analysis varied the assessment of his portfolio has been done which has been satisfactory at various levels. References AAII, 2008. How Interest Rate Changes Affect the Price of Bonds. AAII. ANZ, 2016. ANZ. [Online] Available at: https://www.wealth.anz.com/investments/property-investment [Accessed 28 September 2016]. Bloomberg, 2016. Australian Rates Bonds. [Online] Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates-bonds/government-bonds/australia [Accessed 26 September 2016]. Bodie, Kane Marcus, 2014. Investments. s.l.:McGraw Hill. Damodaran, A., 2016. Default Spreads and Risk Premiums, New York: Stern. Ernst and Young, 2015. Estimating risk-free rates for valuation, s.l.: Ernst and Young. Fair, R., 2016. Risk Aversion and Stock Prices, s.l.: s.n. Keel, S. T., 2006. Optimal Portfolio Construction, Zurich: SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZURICH. Morgan Stanley, 2010. The Essentials of Portfolio Construction, New York: Morgan Stanley. New York University, 2013. Standard Deviations. In: New York: New York University. RBA, 2006. The Structure of the Australian Financial System, s.l.: RBA.

What I take o run a business Essays - English Composition 1

Why I Decided to Return Back To School Dawnita Michael English Composition 1 Amanda Crane October 31, 201 I decided to return back to school because it will help me further my career in Law and Security Enforcement. I currently own a private security company along with my fianc?. Law enforcement and Security enforcement is a passion of ours because we enjoyed helping others. Returning to school in criminal justice will help me career tremendously. My dream is to have Williams Security to be a well-known company worldwide, and I believe that Ashford University will help me become a well-rounded, generally educated, and most importantly, socially conscious businesswoman. I am very excited about beginning my journey in criminal justice. Criminal justice will help me learn all of the facts about the laws across the United States. I have always known that I wanted to work in the legal system for as long as I can remember. Working with people is something that I have always enjoyed doing even if it was speaking on their behalf in a debate about what ever current issues they were facing or just being around them. The reason I want to receive my Degree in criminal justice is to become a Lawyer on day for my company .Being in criminal justice or law enforcement can make a difference in people lives. The moment I knew I wanted to be a lawyer was at the age of 14, and attending middle school. I can remember my guidance counselor talking to me about my grades, what I needed to improve in, helping me choose high schools to attend, and many other things. I think that the help I received from her put me on the path to working with people. I attended Bellevue University in Bellevue Nebraska, where I earned a degree in business management and marketing. College is where I got the hand on experience in learning how to manage and market a business. Being in college taught me so much then that I knew one day I would go back and get my degree in criminal justice. There was so much motivation surrounded around me to make my decision to return back to college an easy one. My children, fianc?, and my family, they help me to push myself the extra step towards law enforcement and security. My fianc? has been in this type of environment for over 30 years. The drive to help others and to be successful at whatever it is I am doing with great pride and integrity. My decision to return back to a University with Academic integrity and an honor code was the best decision in my life. I found that in Ashford University so far. This makes me know my decision to return back to school will be the best thing for me , my family, and business. I feel this will also give my children the drive to go to college and build themselves a successful career in whatever their heart desire.

Free Essays on Age Of Anxiety And European Culture

At its start, the Great War of 1914-1918 was a popular war. The war was even blessed by those thinkers and artists who were non-violent by nature. The war, many people sincerely believed, would be quick and glorious. The war soon gave way to bitter disillusionment. This bitterness is illustrated in the film Paths of Glory (1957) as well as in Erich Marie Remarque's novel, All Quiet on the Western Front (1929). The stupidity of the war became apparent to all those men who fought for their nation. On the home front, of course, the story was a bit different. But when soldiers, lucky enough to still be alive returned home, it was to a land which knew nothing of the Somme or Verdun. "A land fit for heroes"? Perhaps. Never such innocence, Never before or since, As changed itself to past Without a wordthe men Leaving the gardens tidy, The thousands of marriages Lasting a little while longer: Never such innocence again. (Philip Larkin, MCMXIV) It was William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) who remarked, in 1879, that "war is at best barbarism†¦. Its glory is all moonshine. It is only those who have neither fired a shot nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for blood, more vengeance, more desolation. War is hell." But it was the British poet Siegfried Sassoon (1886-1967) who added, "war is hell and those who initiate it are criminals." This was the final verdict of the Great War, especially among the Anglo-French. "The Old Lie: Dulce et decorum est, pro patria mori." The initial "vision of honor and glory to country" faded quickly and was replaced by sorrow, pity and cruelty. For the BRITISH WAR POETS, the whole affair ended in bitterness. People felt betrayed by those men who were "running the war." The horrors of the trench rotting horseflesh, mud, poor food, weapons that would not fire, poison gas and the sheer terror of waiting for death these were the images and experience of the Great War. It was t... Free Essays on Age Of Anxiety And European Culture Free Essays on Age Of Anxiety And European Culture At its start, the Great War of 1914-1918 was a popular war. The war was even blessed by those thinkers and artists who were non-violent by nature. The war, many people sincerely believed, would be quick and glorious. The war soon gave way to bitter disillusionment. This bitterness is illustrated in the film Paths of Glory (1957) as well as in Erich Marie Remarque's novel, All Quiet on the Western Front (1929). The stupidity of the war became apparent to all those men who fought for their nation. On the home front, of course, the story was a bit different. But when soldiers, lucky enough to still be alive returned home, it was to a land which knew nothing of the Somme or Verdun. "A land fit for heroes"? Perhaps. Never such innocence, Never before or since, As changed itself to past Without a wordthe men Leaving the gardens tidy, The thousands of marriages Lasting a little while longer: Never such innocence again. (Philip Larkin, MCMXIV) It was William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) who remarked, in 1879, that "war is at best barbarism†¦. Its glory is all moonshine. It is only those who have neither fired a shot nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for blood, more vengeance, more desolation. War is hell." But it was the British poet Siegfried Sassoon (1886-1967) who added, "war is hell and those who initiate it are criminals." This was the final verdict of the Great War, especially among the Anglo-French. "The Old Lie: Dulce et decorum est, pro patria mori." The initial "vision of honor and glory to country" faded quickly and was replaced by sorrow, pity and cruelty. For the BRITISH WAR POETS, the whole affair ended in bitterness. People felt betrayed by those men who were "running the war." The horrors of the trench rotting horseflesh, mud, poor food, weapons that would not fire, poison gas and the sheer terror of waiting for death these were the images and experience of the Great War. It was t...

Inspiring Quotes to Share on International Womens Day

Inspiring Quotes to Share on International Womens Day International Womens Day is an annual observation on March 8 that celebrates women and their achievements. The event, first held in the U.S. in 1909, is observed today across the globe, as well as by the United Nations.   The first International Womens Day was held to commemorate the 1908 Ladies Garment Workers Union strike in New York City when some 15,000 women walked off the job to protest their working conditions. The event, sponsored by the Socialist Party of America, inspired Socialists in Denmark to declare an international counterpart in 1910. Following the outbreak of World War I, International Womens Day rallies in the U.S. and Europe became a platform for anti-war activists as well as womens and workers rights. More than a century after the first International Womens Day, women have made tremendous progress toward a more just and equitable society in the U.S. and elsewhere. Much still needs to be done to advance womens issues around the world. Let these quotes inspire you to celebrate the women who have been important in your life. Maya Angelou â€Å"I am grateful to be a woman. I must have done something great in another life.† Bella Abzug The test for whether or not you can hold a job should not be the arrangement of your chromosomes. Anne Morrow Lindbergh By and large,  mothers  and housewives are the only workers who do not have regular time off. They are the great vacation-less class. Margaret Sanger Woman  must not accept; she must challenge. She must not be awed by that which has been built up around her; she must reverence that woman in her which struggles for expression. Joseph Conrad Being a woman is a terribly difficult  task since it consists principally in dealing with men. Barbara Bush Somewhere out in this audience may even be someone who will one day follow in my footsteps, and preside over the White House as the Presidents spouse. I wish him well! Margaret Atwood Does feminist mean a  large unpleasant person wholl shout at you or someone who believes women are human beings? To me, its the latter, so I sign up. Anna Quindlen Its important to remember that feminism is no longer a group of organizations or leaders. Its the expectations that parents have for their daughters, and their sons, too. Its the way we talk about and treat one another. Its who makes the money and who makes the compromises and who makes the dinner. Its a state of mind. Its the way we live now. Mary Mcleod Bethune Whatever glory belongs to the race for a development unprecedented in history for the given length of time, a full share belongs to the womanhood of the race. Anita Wise A lot of guys think the larger a womans breasts are, the less intelligent she is. I dont think it works like that. I think its the opposite. I think the larger a womans breasts are, the less intelligent the men become. Rudyard Kipling A womans guess is much more accurate than a mans certainty. Charlotte Bunch Feminism is an entire world view or gestalt, not just a laundry list of womens issues.

Oliver Sacks-Anthropologist on Mars(topic cont. below) Essay

Oliver Sacks-Anthropologist on Mars(topic cont. below) - Essay Example however, attempts to portray these people’s perception not as abnormal but merely different, and he hopes that people are able to discover how a different perception could lead people to extreme creativity or intelligence by people that might have been considered mentally deficient. In Sacks’ essay â€Å"To See and Not See,† Sacks discusses Virgil, a man who had his vision restored to him after forty-five years. Of a person having their vision restored, Sacks asks the question â€Å"Would it be ‘normal’ from the moment vision was restored?† (†¦). To a person that has never had any difficulty in seeing, the thought of not being able to see does not make sense. We might close our eyes and wander around vaguely, but this is not how blind people perceive the world. People view reality as normal, what’s just right there in front of their faces. That’s why the people surrounding Virgil were dismayed when he regained his vision but had to attempt to learn how to use his eyes. Sight is, however, something that the brain must construct and interpret. While people with sight might feel as though they are groping around while walking with eyes closed, Virgil felt the same way about walking with his eyes but no cane: â⠂¬Å"he said that in general he found walking ‘scary’ and ‘confusing’ without touch† (†¦). Similarly, Sacks mentions a case from the eighteenth century of a young boy having his vision restored to him that closely resembled Virgil’s experience: â€Å"the boy encountered profound difficulties with the simplest visual perception. He had no idea of distance. He had no idea of space or size. And he was bizarrely confused by drawings and paintings by the idea of a two-dimensional representation of reality† (†¦). Virgil had all sorts of experiences that were disconcerting to him because that did not match up with his the perception of the world he gained through touch. He was often surprised when he saw people with imperfections in

DB marketing 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB marketing 10 - Essay Example Higher preference is given to those individuals who have at least masters’ level of education in business administration. In order to become a sales manager an individual needs to have worked in entry level positions of the sales department such as the sales man, sales executive and should have around one to five years of experience in the same department. The pay scale of sales manager varies from the industry and the organization they work in. At an average a sales manager works for at a pay scale of more than $100,000 per year (Bls.gov, 2014). The BLS has projected that between the 10 year periods of 2012 to 2022 the job growth rate of this particular position is eight percent (Bls.gov, 2014). This position will be a great achievement in my life because I believe that I have the required knowledge, skills and abilities to work as a sales manager. I have always aimed at working in a position where my skills and traits can be used. I believe that if my skills and traits are u tilized in the position of sales manager, then I will end up experiencing job satisfaction. Secondly, I am majoring in the subject of sales and I am fully committed to learn the ins and outs of sales in order to pursue a career in the field of

Experiment to Find the Acceleration Due to Gravity Using Free

Experiment to Find the Acceleration Due to Gravity Using Free Fall Essay As the title suggests, this experiment is to find the acceleration any object under free fall will undergo when travelling towards the earth. We presume in this experiment that we are unaware of the constant g and the basis of this experiment is to rediscover this value. Apparatus The principle behind the circuit is fairly simple. The ball is held through magnetism to the electromagnet; however when the magnetic field is no longer being created i.e. the switch is opened, the ball falls. When the switch is opened, the timer also starts as the switch is connected to one of its inputs. The ball strikes the metallic plate as it falls and breaks the contact between the metal plate and the rest of the circuit. The plate switch is also connected to the timer which then stops timing. In this way the time taken for the ball to fall a certain height is measured and hence its acceleration. The height fallen by the ball is measured by moving the plate switch up and down a wooden pole and measuring through use of a tape measure the distance between it and the bottom of the ball. All distances given in the data were from the top of the metallic plate to the bottom of the steel ball. The distance had to be standardised as the rate of acceleration depends upon the exact distance fallen in a certain amount of time. If we had not worked out two standard points that all our measurements were taken from we would not have been able to calculate the acceleration of the ball to an accurate degree. The acceleration acting upon the ball as it falls towards the earth is due to gravity. It is therefore prudent to show some understanding of the physics of the experiment before we actually look at the data itself. All following material is taken from Explaining Physics A-Level Edition by Stephen Pople. Gravity is a force of attraction between any two masses. This force is unusual as it is the only force discovered that has no repulsive effect unlike for example, magnetism which can attract and repel other masses. The Earth is surrounded by a gravitational field which exerts a force on any mass in it. In terms of this experiment the ball is attracted towards the earth as it falls. I read that experiments done in the past have shown that at a particular place all bodies falling freely under gravity in a vacuum or where air resistance is negligible have the same constant acceleration irrespective of their masses. This is why for this experiment the mass of the ball is irrelevant as long as it remains constant throughout the experiment. This is due to the fact that acceleration due to gravity is a constant for all objects irrespective of mass where air resistance is negligible. If we wish to find the acceleration due to gravity we only need to know the displacement of the ball and the time taken for it to fall that distance. This value is taken as 9.8m/s/s; that is to say that the velocity of any body travelling downwards will increase by 9.8m/s every second neglecting the effect of air resistance. As a result, my initial prediction is that the time taken for the ball to hit the plate will increase as the distance increases and as a result the acceleration will increase. This prediction is based upon the evidence found in the textbook mentioned above but also through initial examination of the data. For this experiment my partner and I decided to attach the metal plate switch at 20cm intervals from 20-200cm so a wider range of results could be calculated. We wished also to see if we could obtain the terminal velocity of an object in free fall i.e. the speed at which it will stop accelerating but the distance between the ball and the switch was not great enough. The final graph I will plot will be the displacement of the ball bearing over the time taken to open the switch squared. The two values should show positive correlation as if we arrange the equation from the textbook: S=ut + 1/2at s/t = u/t + 1/2 a Therefore: s/t = u/t + 1/2 a We know that intital velocity is Zero so: s/t = 1/2 a This rather conveniently allows us to find the acceleration due to gravity by simply doubling the gradient. g = 2( s/t) We see now how it is possible to obtain a value for g as I have data on both the displacement of the ball bearing and the time taken for it to fall that distance. An initial graph without reference to the data should be virtually straight line taking experimental error into account, perhaps looking roughly so: I have shown here the time squared for an object to fall over 50cm. I have taken g to be 10 which I have read is an approximate value. We see here that the time taken to fall increases proportionally to the displacement. I believe this will be true for the actual data also but need to plot this also. Displacement (cm) Time1(s) Time2(s) Time3(s) Average time(s) Average time Squared(s) 20 0.145 0.201 0.202 0.183 0.033 40 0.291 0.291 0.290 0.291 0.084 60 0.351 0.349 0.350 0.350 0.123 80 0.403 0.405 0.405 0.404 0.163 100 0.454 0.454 0.454 0.454 0.206 120 0.496 0.497 0.497 0.497 0.247 140 0.538 0.537 0.537 0.537 0.289 160 0.569 0.575 0.575 0.573 0.328 180 0.610 0.610 0.610 0.610 0.372 200 0.632 0.632 0.633 0.632 0.400 The highlighted result is the one I see as anomalous; I will explain later the major sources for error in the experiment. We see that the graph is almost a straight line showing that my initial prediction was correct in that the time squared had a positive correlation with the distance travelled. Let us presume now that we do not know that g is 9.8m/s/s and work it out based upon data on the graph. We know from my previous rearrangement of the equation in the textbook that the acceleration is the gradient doubled. To work out the gradient we must divide the change (delta) of they Y axis by the change of the X axis. When plotting the gradient it is wide to take it over the widest range possible to take all results into account. As a result I have decided to take the results from the extreme points of both the displacement and time. This is why I took the displacement over two metres instead of one to obtain a wider range of results. The data is taken from 20-200 cm. This is 180cm. However the modern convention is to measure length in metres which gives us a change of 1.8 m. The change along the X-axis is equal to 0.4-0.033 which comes to 0.367 If we divide 1.8 by 0.367 the result comes to 4.905 which we know is half the acceleration. If we double this value we find that (barring experimental error) the acceleration of the ball was 9.809 m/s/s which if we round up to 9.81m/s/s we find that it is very close to the conventional value for g. This does not leave us much room for experimental error as the variance between the value I obtained and the value stated in any textbook is 0.1m/s/s. However I believe there were sources of error for this experiment in general which I will now outline irrespective of the fact that they did not affect my own. The most significant factor when measuring g is that air resistance will act upon the ball. Explaining Physics tells us that we can neglect this factor as the ball itself is very dense. However, air must provide some resistance to the ball falling and could conceivably affect an experiment especially as air resistance isnt the same from one moment to the next for example, someone could open a window and cause an air current to act upon the ball. The only real remedy for this factor is to perform the experiment in a vacuum. A less likely factor to affect the experiment is the fact that the ball may display residual magnetic properties through repeatedly being attached to the electromagnet. The atoms within the ball could well have been ordered to make the ball itself be attracted to the electromagnet after the switch was thrown. Even if current was no longer flowing through the wires around the core, a weak magnetic field may have been apparent in the ball causing it to be attracted towards the iron core due to previous use. While iron is magnetically soft and would probably not have magnetic properties once the switch was opened the ball is made of steel which can retain magnetic properties. A solution for this problem would be to demagnetise the steel ball by either using a demagnetising tool or by simply heating it up by placing it in a naked flame for several seconds. One improvement I would have like to make to the experiment concerned the metal plate switch. I realised that it took a certain amount of time to actually break the contact between the plate itself and the rest of the circuit which could affect the overall time recorded by the Digital voltmeter. I believe it would be more efficient for a light sensor and a laser to replace the plate switch so the ball could fall uninterrupted and the time recorded would be more accurate. This is due to the fact that breaking a light beam can occur almost instantaneously while a metal plate is more difficult to move. If I had more time I would have liked to increase the distance over which the ball fell. This would not only provide a more accurate value for g but would also allow me to calculate the terminal velocity of a given mass. Ideally it would be interesting to see how the gravitational field of the earth varied in different locations, perhaps by obtaining data on the acceleration of the ball in various geographical locations. It would then be possible to see how g can vary due to the fact that the mass of the earth is not a constant all across the surface.

Are Dogs Getting the Attention They Deserve? Essay -- Symbols Wealth A

Are Dogs Getting the Attention They Deserve? It used to be that you could tell just about how poor a family was by how many dogs they had. If they had one, they were probably doing all right, two dogs meant that the couple were dog lovers, but if a citizen kept three, you could begin to suspect he didn’t own much else. What type of dogs these were also lead people to believe their social status in society. (Hoagland, 1995) Would this lead people to believe that this is true? In my opinion, No it does not. In Edward Hoagland’s â€Å"Dogs, and the Tug of Life†, he describes the significance of dogs in our lives, both as social symbols and as reminders of why dogs are taken for granted. He explains why having a dog is giving people the wrong impression and how people need to know the true significance. Are dogs a symbol of social status? Hoagland wholeheartedly agrees with this argument, as stated in the first paragraph, as well some people do too. I, personally, would have to agree with this term of being a social status. Dogs have always been part of many homes. But nobody stops to think that the kind of dog one owns, signifies what type of lifestyle that person lives. This bit of information is incorrect. Just because a family is wealthy, does not mean they are spending lots of money on high class dogs. Who’s to say they aren’t taking in every stray dog that mosies up to their house? Maybe richer people do more with their dog, such as spend lots of money on grooming, feeding, and showing off, but it doesn’t mean the dog is always a pure bred, one of a kind. People are beginning to take dogs for granted. They feel that it is just an animal with no feelings and don’t consider what kind of role a dog really ... ...er of dogs owned and the income of the family have nothing to do with each other. For the most part, Hoagland’s argument was very informative and significant. It is agreed that people are trying to use dogs as a sign of social status, but people who know the real meaning of having a dog, know this is incorrect and falsely justified. Dogs are being taken for granted, and people need to realize the importance of why they have dogs as pets. Dogs are more than lazy animals, dumb creatures, or ways of showing off to others. Dogs don’t help with social status, rather they help with companionship, loyalty, trust, and a bodyguard. In my opinion, dogs don’t help determine how poor or wealthy a family is. Maybe people spend lots or little money on a dog, but that just depends on what type of people they are, not what type the dog is. Nothing more, nothing less.

Change through Events in a Novel Essay

In many novels, characters experience first hand the challenges they must go through as the transition from who they portrayed to be in the beginning as opposed to how they change their personalities, actions, and life style in the end. In the novel, The Guardian by Nicholas Sparks, the author uses certain events from the novel to change the characters personalities and ways of life. This is demonstrated through the main characters Julie Barenson who changes from a nice, loving woman to an afraid and unstable woman because she finds out Richard is stalking her and Richard Franklin who changes from nice and an at times jealous person, to a crazy, possessive stalker because Julie doesn’t love him. By exploring these two characters, it is evident that change in characters through different events in the novel is depicted through how they change their lives, ways of action and personalities. During the early years of Julie’s life, she has many problems and is not stable. Julie’s mother is an alcoholic and they live in a trailer. Her father moves away to Minnesota when she is two year old. She runs away when she is sixteen and lives on the street until she meets Jim, who takes her to Swansboro and marries her. At the beginning of the novel, the author portrays Julie as a woman who has been through a lot, but does Ankoma-Mensa 2 not let that stop her from being a nice, loving person. Julie also moves on after Jim’s death, because it was a hard time for her, with regards to her past: â€Å"Now when she thought of Jim, she remembered him with a smile, thankful that he’d been part of her life.† (Sparks 1) She always helps other and does the best she can to be respectful and sincere to other characters. Unfortunately, Julie does not stay so nice and caring throughout the whole novel. This transition from being nice to becoming a scared is demonstrated when she realizes that Richard is stalking her. Julie becomes very afraid after she is informed that Richard is stalking her and she starts to act paranoid: â€Å"So she did again and come up with the conclusion that Richard wasn’t lurking by. But is still didn’t help. She began to hyperventilate.† (442) Even though Richard deserves the insults he receives from Julie, the reader does not expect her to try and hurt him in such means ways: â€Å"‘I don’t want to talk to you.’ She said, hating her plaintive tone. ‘Why can’t you get that through your head?'†(448) Julie ,herself, does not like how she is sounding and the way she is acting but she feels that the only way to get Richard to leave her alone, she has to be rude to him. Julie transforms from her regular personality beca use of what Richard is doing. Not only is Julie’s transformation in personality a big difference, but Richard’s transformation is even larger than expected. Richard, whose real name is Robert Bonham, is a man from Cleveland and is Julie’s boyfriend at the beginning of the novel. Richard, also, has been through a lot in his life just like Julie has. His father and mother were alcoholics, his mother is beat every night from his father and he hates his parents. Richard struggles because his parents die and he goes from house to house in search of a Ankoma-Mensa 3 family. In the beginning of the novel, the author portrays Richard as a caring and at times manipulative man, who has been through many struggles in his life, but unalike Julie, Richard allows his past to resurface in his future. Richard’s mothers’ struggles get to him and he allows them to interfere with his concept of how he and Julie should live: â€Å"If Julie stayed, he knew she would grow weak, just as his mother had grown weak. And in time, there would be nothing to respect.† (175) Richard feels that if Julie stays in the country, she will end up like his mother and he despises his mother. As well Richards manipulations are demonstrated when he tries to get Julie to feel guilty because she did not wear his necklace: † Manipulated, as though he’d wanted her to promise that she’d always start wearing the locket to work again and that she would feel guilty that she hadn’t.† (143) Even though Richard personality is not perfect, he worsens near the end of the novel. Richard becomes obsessive and the reader finds out that he is a murderer. Richard kills his mom; dad, wife and the real man named Richard Franklin to steal his identity. As well, the reader finds out the Richard is abusive because he hits his wife: â€Å"‘stop acting crazy’ ‘What did you say?’ ‘Ow†¦let me go†¦you’re hurting me†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘WHAT DID YOU SAY?’ ‘Ow†¦please†¦Ow!'†(432) Richard hits his wife because he is a controlling person and wants her to do what he says. He also feels that he is the best thing for Julie even thought he is not and treats all women as if they are his mother, who is beaten by her father, and tries to control or change them to prevent them from his mother’s way of life: â€Å"Just like his mother. The victim. Always the victim.† (175) Richard becomes a stalker when Julie dumps him and starts to date Mike. Richard is goes crazy and Ankoma-Mensa 4 convinces himself that Julie’s hatred is love: â€Å"Yes, he knows she cared for him, for weren’t anger and love opposite sides of the same coin? Great anger wasn’t possible without great love†¦and she’d been so angry† (433) Richard uses his mothers life as a bad example of how he wants to live not knowing that he is causing the women he loves to be like his mother: subject to abuse by a controlling man. Richard changes from how he was at the beginning of the book because Julie does not love him, farther demonstrating the change is characters through events in a novel. Like in many novels, The Guardian uses events in the novel to demonstrate how each character changes their personalities, actions and ways of life. This is demonstrated through Julie’s transformation from a nice, loving, stable woman to an afraid, hate-filled, vulnerable woman because Richard is stalking her, and as well, through Richard’s transformation from a nice, controlling at times man to a sick, twisted, crazy and controlling man because Julie doesn’t love him. Characters in novels either change for better or for worst depending of the events that have taken place. In The Guardian’s case, one of the characters transform into a hate-filled ,scornful person, whereas the other transforms into a evil criminal because the events were not positive ,but were negative.

American Themes in the Wizard of Oz Essay

â€Å"There’s no place like home† (Baum) is a quote read by children and adults alike, from the gilded age of the 1950’s to the modernity of today. It is from the cleverly written bedtime story, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, which seems like an innocent fairy tale that is written solely to pleasure children. However, deep between the lines of L. Frank Baum’s novel, the various images of America that brings readers awareness to the troubles at the turn of the century. The wicked Witch of the East represents eastern industrialists and bankers who control the people, the Munchkins; the Scarecrow is the wise yet naive western farmers; the Tin Woodman stands for the dehumanization industrial workers; and Dorothy’s silver slippers represents the Populists’ solution to the nation’s economic woes. The novel is a framework of allusions to American life. There are examples of how Baum makes connections to the American world in his novel (Bellman). In the novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, the wicked Witch of the East is a horrendous leader that brings distress and hardship to her people, the Munchkins. She represents eastern industrialists and bankers who control the citizens, and contributes nothing but heartache and pain, leading to a tragic demise. The good Witch of the North, describes the atrocity of the Witch of the East towards the helpless Munchkins: â€Å"‘She was the wicked Witch of the East, as I said,’ answered the little women. ‘she has held all the munchkins in bondage for many years, making them slave for her night and day’† (Baum 12). The ruling of Oz is closely related to real-life rulers and political systems of the time (Bussey). The Witch of the East salvages from her defenseless people, making them pitifully work for nothing in return. In America, banks liberate money from their citizens, forcing them to slave for little income. Fortunately, the troubles they cause end their power over the citizens. The Witch of the North, is no match for the malign forces of the East: â€Å"‘But I [Witch of the North] am a good witch, and the people love me. I am not as powerful as the wicked Witch was who ruled here, or I should have set the people free myself†Ã¢â‚¬  (14). The admirable Witch, like the voters of the upper Midwest, are no match for the injurious powers of the East. She does anything in her leadership to terminate the sorrow of the Witch, but with no success. The East of America is ruled by individuals who are greedy, just like the endives Witch of the East, and through their ultimate struggles for power, their own torment arrives. Dorothy’s farm house kills the wicked Witch of the East: ‘â€Å"We are so grateful to you for having killed the wicked Witch of the East, and for setting our people free from bondage’†¦ There, indeed, just under the corner of the great beam the house rested on, two feet were sticking out† (12). Dorothy’s farmhouse killing the wicked Witch of the East is symbolic of the eventual demise of rich easterners at the hands of rural farmers. So, in both events, their ultimate downfall is meet due to their actions, and the people have a considerably extensive role in the events that occur. The power of both the Witch of the East, and the industrialist and bankers of America, overrule the easiest target, causing distress and tribulation with the feeling of indestructibleness. Thus, due to the inhabitants need for salvation, they both advance towards the cusp of their supremacy. So, inevitably, the wicked Witch of the East through the eyes of Frank Baum, is seen as the individuals who control the East of America, that take all they desire, leaving nothing behind. Frank Baum writes the Scarecrow as a wise individual, but also someone who is seen as childlike, with no sense of his surroundings. Subsequently, he references this with western farmers of America, who do not have enough intellect to know their political interests, similarly to the Scarecrow with no brain. But both eventually see the true causes of their misery. The Scarecrow explains that he has no brains: â€Å"‘If anyone treads on my toes or sticks a pin into me, it doesn’t matter, for I can’t feel it. But I do not want people to call me a fool, and if my head stays stuffed with straw instead of with brains, as yours is, how am I ever to know anything? ’† (28). In the same way as the Scarecrow, who is depicted as an uneducated character, blinded by his deceiving atmosphere, the farmers of America do not have enough intellect to recognize they are being out witted by the bank. Without an educated mind, the Scarecrow falls into the holes on the yellow brick road, but gets up without being injured: â€Å"As for the Scarecrow, having no brains he walked straight ahead, and so stepped into the holes and fell at full length on the hard [yellow] bricks. It never hurt him, however, and Dorothy would pick him up and set him upon his feet again, while he joined her in laughing merrily at his own mishap† (32). On his journey through the forest, where the road is in disrepair, the Scarecrow stumbles and falls on the â€Å"hard [yellow] bricks,† a reference to the Populist claim that the gold standard has a damaging impact on farmers and the people at large. Although, the Scarecrow is â€Å"never hurt† by his falls, which suggests that the yellow metal is not the real culprit of the farmer’s woes. The Wizard depicts the Scarecrow with no brain, which is derived from experience: ‘â€Å"Can’t you give me brains? ’ asked the Scarecrow. ‘You don’t need them. You are learning something everyday†¦Ã‚  Experience is the only thing that brings knowledge, and the longer you are on earth the more experience you are sure to get’† (160). Near the end of the novel, the Scarecrow and the farmer find out that they have brains, discovering that they have enough intellect to grasp the true causes of his misery and the basics of monetary policy. On her journey, Dorothy encounters a Scarecrow, representing the farmers, who has no wit to understand that they can end up losing their farms to the banks, even though they work hard to grow the food to feed a hungry nation. Frank Baum exemplifies that the Tin Woodman is a product of the dehumanized industrial workers in America, causing them to loose the ability to care. The Witch of the East makes the Tin Woodman cut through his body with an axe. Thus, giving him a frame of tin. I [Tin Woodman] thought I had beaten the wicked Witch then, and I had worked harder than ever; but I little knew how cruel my enemy could be†¦ and made my axe slip again, so that it cut right through my body†¦ Once more the tinner came to help and made me a body of tin†¦ But, alas! I had now no heart (46) The Woodman is cursed by the Witch of the East, and hacks off all his limbs. Each lost appendage is replaced with tin until the Woodman is made entirely of metal. So, the Witch of the East (American bankers) reduces the Woodman to a machine, a dehumanized worker who no longer feels, who has no heart. He needs oil to fix his rusted joints: â€Å"‘Get an oil-can and oil my joints,’ he answered. ‘They are rusted so badly that I cannot move them at all; if I am well oiled I shall soon be all right again’† (41). The Woodman’s rusted condition parallels the prostrated condition of labour during the depression of 1890; like many workers, the Tin Man is unemployed. Yet, with a few drops of oil, he is able to resume his customary labors. In the novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, the Tin Woodsman, representing the industrial workers, rusted as solid as the factories of the 1890’s depression, loses all the sense of compassion and co-operation to work together to help each other during hard times; stating that the Woodman has no heart. Dorothy’s silver slippers represent the Populists’ solution to the nation’s economic woes. Only these slippers enable her to remain safe on the yellow-brick road, representing the bank’s gold standard. A Munchkin, explaining the power of the Witch of the East’s silver footwear: ‘â€Å"The Witch of the East was proud of those silver shoes,’ said one of the Munchkins; ‘and there is some charm connected with them; but what it is we never know’† (16). The mystical silver shoes belong to the Witch of the East before she is crushed by the farm house. When she dies, they are repossessed by Dorothy, and when the banks in the East of America get overruled, the nation’s gold standard assisted the Americans out of their depression era. Glinda explains to Dorothy that the silver shoes has the power to take the wearer anywhere in only three steps. The Silver Shoes,’ said the Good Witch, ‘have wonderful powers. And one of the most curious things about them is that they can carry you to any place in the world in three steps, and each step will be made in the wink of an eye. All you have to do is to knock the heels together three times and command the shoes to carry you wherever you wish to go (216). She explains to Dorothy that the slippers have an endless supply of unthinkable powers that have never been seen before. Dorothy is able to use the slippers in order to return home to Kansas. Baum attempts to show America that the scourge of the economic times will be altered. Baum writes the silver shoes as deciphering the tribulation of the people of Oz, giving them a way out in a time of misfortune. They are the only thing that enables Dorothy to safely remain on the brick road, depicting the bank’s gold standard. Together, with being the only object known to man to safely return her home to Kansas. â€Å"The roposed ‘free silver’ policy which brings economic relief to those oppressed by the federal government’s single standard of gold for the national currency† (Bellman). The novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, through the eyes of children, is an innocent fairy tale, a bedtime story. However, it has many hidden purposes and allusions, that L. Frank Baum writes so adults and critics are informed of the difficulties that America is facing in this era. The Witch of the East represents the imperious bankers, along with the eastern industrialists, who control the individuals of America, depicted as the Munchkins. The Scarecrow embodies the cunning but candid farmers who let authoritative individuals control their future. The Tin Woodman stands for the robotized industrial employees, who loose the ability to care. Finally, the silver slippers symbolize the Populists’ solution to the nation’s economic woes. Dwelling into The Wonderful Wizard of Oz gives insight into Baum’s imagination, creating a sense of understanding towards his underlying details. Yet, some are still hidden and might never be discovered.

The fountainhead essays

The fountainhead essays Fountainhead: Morals in the working world It has been said that morals are one of the most precious possessions that a person can have. However, in the working world, many seem to forget their morals in order to climb the corporate ladder. In our own society woman use their sexuality to get the upper hand. Preconceived notions dictate that a person cannot be successful and keep their morals at the same time. The Fountainhead, written by Ayn Rand, seems to at first defend, then later, dispute these notions through characters and events. Ultimately, Rands weak characters, those who dont keep their morals, eventually plummet, while the strong characters, those who retain their principles regardless of any pressure from society, eventually prevail. Peter Keating is Rands description of a conniving parasite that leeches off of the work of others, in orders to rise quickly to the top of the architectural field. His methods of continuing his career show no regard to morals, but rather to the opinions of others. Keating even becom es so corrupt as to kill a man indirectly. Philosophy demands literature that can abet the understanding of social views. Without reflective literature, man cannot begin to comprehend the essential messages behind philosophy. One such philosophy, objectivism, is represented exceptionally by the timeless novel, The Fountainhead. Through the use of compelling dialogue, Ayn Rand reveals her own feelings towards objectivism, and her thoughts towards conformity and independence. The interpretations and the implications of several of the quotes within The Fountainhead accurately depict the essence of objectivism and encourages the opposition of conventional standards through the embodiment of the uncompromising innovator "standing against the world." Society dictates that there will be those that follow and those that will lead the followers. Peter Keating is one that a ...

Business Sustainability Performance †Free Samples to Students

The main purpose of strategic operations management is to help and support the business organizations to increase the overall performance. In order to achieve strategic operations successfully, the business organizations need to consider efficiency and flexibility. The strategic operations management consists of competitive business approaches and moves to ensure successful business performance. This helps the organizations to define the mission and vision of the business by setting accurate objectives and implementing and executing suitable strategies. The fact that everything is done strategically, defines the success of the operations management. This report emphasizes on identifying and analyzing the operations of the organization named Tindo Solar by considering the value chain of the organization. The report also includes the inbound and outbound logistics of the company and its effect on the customers. Tindo Solar is a solar panel manufacturing company based in Adelaide, Australia. Tindo Solar is a national company that designs and manufactures solar panel products strictly based on the Australian conditions. The products manufactured by the company are of superior-quality due to which the products are highly preferable among the customers. The solar panels manufactured by the company require minimal maintenance thereby, making the products cost-effective for the customers. Due to technological advancements, the company has incorporated the latest features in the solar panel products. Therefore, the solar panel products manufactured by Tindo Solar are highly automated and technologically advanced. By considering the present market trend, the company has made required amendments and inclusions in terms of technology in the products. As a result, the solar panels by Tindo Solar are highly preferable within the market and the customers. Moreover, the company provides various service o ptions to the customers such as easy finance and installation along with the installation charge as low as $2000. Furthermore, the company provides more than 20 years as guarantee period thereby, making it more reliable for the customers[1]. In order to run a business successfully, it is essential for the business organizations to conduct certain operations strategically. This helps in maintaining the track of the various strategic activities conducted for successful business operations. Settings goals timely and the ability of the business organizations to manage the vicissitudes of the daily operations of the business highlight the backbone of the business[2]. Therefore, effective management of the daily operations of Tindo Solar includes managing finances, operation planning, protection of business, benchmarking, supply chain management, management leadership, organizational design and business sustainability[3]. Finance management is a crucial aspect of for Tindo Solar, as this provided opportunity for appropriate financial resource management. Financial management is concerned with the acquisition, financing and management of assets thereby, resulting in the success of the business[4]. The business organizations fail to utilize its complete potential for growth and expansion without proper administration and effective utilization of finance. The main factors of financial management include investment decision, financing decision and dividend decision[5]. Therefore, Tindo Solar need to manage the finance of the company to conduct business successfully. By strategically conducting the investment decision, Tindo Solar will be able to determine the total amount of assets required retention by the organization. Secondly, Tindo Solar needs to manage the supply chain effectively as this will allow the organization for effective management of network planning, inventory control, distribution strategies, outsourcing and procurement[6]. The supply chain of Tindo Solar will help the organization to integrate the stakeholders from the supplier to the customers. This will also help Tindo Solar in promoting mutual sharing of information among the channel members thereby, helping planning and monitoring of the processes[7]. Co-operation among the channel members are essential for effective management of supply chain by promoting coordinated activities by Tindo Solar. Benchmarking is defined as the continuous systematic process of measuring own output or work process against the toughest competitors in the market[8]. Continuous benchmarking will help Tindo Solar to identify their strengths and weakness and work on it to sustain in the competitive market. As the use of solar panel is highly facilitated In Australia, it is essential for Tindo Solar to continuously compare and contrast their operational strategies with the best in the market. Therefore, this will help Tindo Solar to satisfy the customers better by fulfilling the needs and establishing new standards and goals[9]. Moreover, benchmarking will also motivate the employees of Tindo Solar by challenging them professionally and provide career growth. Ensuring business sustainability will allow Tindo Solar conduct business in Australia without hampering the environment but contributing towards the economy of the country[10]. Business sustainability is an integral part of the corporate risk management, as this allows the business organizations protect the environment while conducting business. Therefore, environmental sustainability for the business of Tindo Solar will provide an opportunity for the company to make responsible business decisions. Considering the nature of work done by Tindo Solar, it is already beneficial for the environment, as it is facilitating the use of solar panels within the people. Therefore, both economic and environmental aspect of the country is benefited due to appropriate business sustainability. The concept of lean product management theory is defined as the ability of the business organizations of being less wasteful along with doing things that are big for the country, its economy and the environment[11]. However, lean product management theory does not signify being cheap. Therefore, implementation of lean product management theory will help Tindo Solar to maintain the operations of the company by maintaining their profit level along with being less wasteful. The implementation of lean product management theory allowed the managers of Tindo Solar to get the value of the products to the market rapidly. The use of solar panels is highly preferable among the Australian population. Based on the increasing demand for the use of solar panels among the population, the managers of Tindo Solar has served the market. The company began its operation in 2003 and since then has been able to grow their business and customers base successfully. The organization has even opened its branches in Melbourne since the organization began conducting business. The use of this theory has helped Tindo Solar to penetrate the market into the half. Market penetration helped Tindo Solar in working towards the goal instead of building arbitrarily. According to the theory, the managers of Tindo Solar are able to explore the problems rather than emphasizing solely on the requirements. After evaluating the market, the managers came to know about the requirement of the customers. The customers were also encountering issues in terms of maintaining electricity and paying huge bills. Therefore, the company was able to explore the problems of the customers and gather to required features for solving the problem. The company started manufacturing and installing solar panels for the customers thereby, ensuring both solar and environmental help. The company also emphasized on spreading awareness among the people regarding the diverse application of solar panels along with low maintenance and fewer electricity bills. Ensuring business sustainability will allow Tindo Solar conduct business in Australia without hampering the environment but contributing towards the economy of the country[12]. Business sustainability is an integral part of the corporate risk management, as this allows the business organizations protect the environment while conducting business. Therefore, environmental sustainability for the business of Tindo Solar will provide an opportunity for the company to make responsible business decisions. Considering the nature of work done by Tindo Solar, it is already beneficial for the environment, as it is facilitating the use of solar panels within the people. Therefore, both economic and environmental aspect of the country is benefited due to appropriate business sustainability. The demand of using solar power panel in Australia has increased over the years due to the adverse environmental impact of the conventional electricity system[13]. The heating and cooling machines and systems contribute adversely towards the environment. Therefore, ensuring business sustainability will allow Tindo Solar to manage financial, environmental and social opportunities and obligations appropriately. It has been seen that in order to progress and compete, the business organizations are undertaking strategies without considering the adverse environmental impact. Global warming is one of the biggest examples of such negligence[14]. One of the sustainable business strategies undertaken by Tindo Solar is that the company has taken the initiative of going green with the commercial solar panel in Adelaide and Melbourne[15]. According to the rules and policies of the Australian Government, it is important for the organizations to produce energy from renewable resources[16]. The main motive of Tindo Solar is to produce residential and commercial energy to the people from sunlight. The company installs solar panels on the roofs and ground of the premises in such a way that direct sunlight falls on the panels. The photons of the sunlight then reach the panels and the photovoltaic tubes help in transferring it into useable energy. The use of solar panels for both commercial and residential is beneficial for the environment. The use of solar panels are beneficial are it is one of the renewable producers of energy. Solar panels can be used in all parts that receive sunlight[17]. The use of solar panel as the source of energy completely mitigates the chances of power or electricity cut. Moreover, solar panels can be used as long as sunlight is present in the environment. Therefore, this is a sustainable business approach used by the Tindo Solar that is beneficial for the country, its people and the environment. The solar panels provided by Tindo Solar have diverse applications but low maintenance costs thereby, making the use extremely profitable and beneficial for the environment and the company. The customers using solar panels only need to keep the panels clean and has no other maintenance costs[18]. Moreover, Tindo Solar provides a warranty period of more than 20 years for the products they install thereby, m aintaining sufficient environmental, social and financial sustainability. In this report, it can be concluded that Tindo Solar needs to implement strategic operations management for conducting business successfully. Tindo Solar energy is a solar company based in Adelaide, Australia. It is important for the company to manage the strategic operations in terms of financial management, benchmarking, supply chain and sustainability appropriately. The use of lean product management theory will help the organization to maintain the operational management of the product. The use of this theory helped Tindo Solar to manufacture products with huge benefit but not cheap. Moreover, Tindo Solar has a sustainable approach towards the environment of the country, as the company primarily emphasizes on the manufacturing of solar panels and installing them. This is a huge initiative undertaken by the company, as the solar panels have diverse applications and low maintenance costs. In addition to, the company also provides more than 20 years of warranty on their products the reby, ensuring financial and social sustainability. Amigoni, Francesco, et al. "Competitions for benchmarking: task and functionality scoring complete performance assessment." IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 22.3 (2015): 53-61. Azevedo, Susana G., et al. "Influence of green and lean upstream supply chain management practices on business sustainability." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 59.4 (2012): 753-765. Bansal, Pratima, and Mark R. DesJardine. "Business sustainability: It is about time." Strategic Organization 12.1 (2014): 70-78. Christiansen, Ulrik, Annemette Kjà ¦rgaard, and Rasmus Koss Hartmann. "Working in the shadows: Understanding ERP usage as complex responsive processes of conversations in the daily practices of a Special Operations Force." Scandinavian Journal of Management 28.2 (2012): 173-184. Christopher, Martin. Logistics & supply chain management. Pearson UK, 2016. Gao, Jijun, and Pratima Bansal. "Instrumental and integrative logics in business sustainability." Journal of Business Ethics 112.2 (2013): 241-255. Hepsà ¸, Vidar, et al. "Integrated Environmental Monitoring in Daily Operations." SPE Intelligent Energy International. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. Kayser, Mark Andreas, and Michael Peress. "Benchmarking across borders: electoral accountability and the necessity of comparison." American Political Science Review 106.3 (2012): 661-684. Matta, Andrea, et al. "Modelling home care organisations from an operations management perspective." Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal 26.3 (2014): 295-319. Ng, Anthony C., and Zabihollah Rezaee. "Business sustainability performance and cost of equity capital." Journal of corporate finance 34 (2015): 128-149. Poksinska, Bozena, Dag Swartling, and Erik Drotz. "The daily work of Lean leaders–lessons from manufacturing and healthcare." Total Quality Management & Business Excellence 24.7-8 (2013): 886-898. Slawinski, Natalie, and Pratima Bansal. "Short on time: Intertemporal tensions in business sustainability." Organization Science 26.2 (2015): 531-549. 'Solar For Business' (Tindosolar.com.au, 2017) accessed 31 August 2017 Stadtler, Hartmut. "Supply chain management: An overview." Supply chain management and advanced planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. 3-28. 'Tindo Solar –' (Tindosolar.com.au, 2017) accessed 31 August 2017.

Positive Accounting Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Positive Accounting Theory - Research Paper Example The predictions of real world situations help small businesses in choosing the appropriate accounting policies that would help them in advancing. The predictions of positive accounting theory with regards to the real world situation go a long way in assisting firms to react positively to new standards of accounting introduced by the legal bodies. Moreover, the overall objective of the positive accounting theory is to enable firms to predict and understand their accounting policies choices. The theory also puts into consideration, the economic consequences of the policies on the firms and the economy in general. Positive Accounting Theory Small businesses organize their operations in an efficient manner using the positive accounting theory, which helps firms in maximizing economic opportunities for growth and survival in the business world. Due to the need for business operations efficiency, firms will need to minimize contract related costs. Ordinarily, contract related costs include negotiation costs, monitoring and renegotiation costs with regards to accounting variables in terms of financial ratios and net income accounting information. Minimization of contract related costs fully relies on the mandate of a firm in choosing the most appropriate accounting policies with regards to its operations. ... environment, appropriate accounting policies and contract related costs minimization may be comprised by the opportunistic interests of the company’s management. Political cost hypothesis The political environment is proved to interfere in business operations in many cases, thus affecting managerial decisions with regards to accounting policies. The more a company faces political costs, the greater the chances that managers of a particular firm will choose accounting policies that alter current reported earnings to future expected earnings. This is mainly because current reported earnings that depict high levels of profits will certainly lead to political interferences that may influence incorporation of new government regulations and tax charges. These interferences are relevant to both small and large businesses though growth and stability of small businesses may be greatly hampered as compared to large entities that are stable. Small Businesses Positive accounting theory ap plications help managers in spearheading growth and development of small businesses, which play an important role of creating employment and growth of Gross Domestic Product. Governments such as the United Kingdom federal government have enacted policies and programs that assist small businesses to develop. Strategies have been outlined by governments of developing countries and trade organizations to facilitate growth of small businesses. Banks have also played a big role in growth and development of enterprises through loans and involvement in policy formulation and innovations. Moreover, best accounting policies that have been practically efficient in spearheading corporate development have been implemented. The existing variations in different economies directly impact on the differences

Human Resource Management transformation from primarily administrative Research Paper

Human Resource Management transformation from primarily administrative and operational to strategic - Research Paper Example In 1980’s notably the term â€Å"Human Resource Management† was introduced from USA. It indicated that employees are assets for the firm and vital steps should be taken to sustain & retain them. The main transformational period of Human Resource Management started from 1945 when â€Å"Personal Management† was given immense importance due to the post world war II scenario. Employment management & welfare work were categorized in Personal Management. Regarding Personal management, Bill Hewlett, co-founder of Hewlett Packard HP said: â€Å"the role of personnel is to enhance the quality of management†. The core reasons for the transformation of HRM are globalization, market competition, technological advancements and continuous change. The firms realized that productivity of employees depends upon the formulation of policies, if the policies are employee friendly, than eventually working motivational level will increase. Significantly numerous imperative developments were brought in the firms like selection & testing mechanism, negotiation techniques, expansion of management training, reward system etc. Adopting and presenting policies which would benefit both employer and employees is a major concern of Human Resource Management. Success of a business depends upon the organizational behavior. This was one of the core issue raised in the transactional period. CEO of Scandinavian Airline, Jan Carlzon openly presented his viewpoint on strong organizational behavior, which is a fundamental element of a company’s triumph. Adaptations of performance appraisal and compensation packages were highly appreciated by the CEO of General Electric, Jack Welsch. Technical terminologies were implied in the Human Resource Management in late 1990’s such as Job Description, Job analysis, Competencies, Recruitment & Selection, Reward Systems,

How would you describe the expansion of the United States between 1783 Research Paper

How would you describe the expansion of the United States between 1783 and 1840s - Research Paper Example The expansion that took place in the period between 1783 and 1840 is the reason behind the large size of the USA and its current strong economic position. Is also led to the end of slave trade in the USA The first expansion of the USA took place in 1783 after the treaty of Paris which brought to an end the revolutionary war. England agreed to the claims of the Americans to own the southern land which included the great lakes and the Mississippi river (Rothman 57). The Americans were not successful in getting the Gulf of Mexico, and it remained under ownership of Spain. The next expansion of the United States took place in 1787 whereby the US expanded with the Northwest ordinance of 1787 (Rothman 116). This ordinance established the Northwest Territory, which covered states such as of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The expansion is renowned for having banned slavery in the north of Ohio River. In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson talked terms of the purchase of the French claims on the Louisiana territory which they had previously obtained from the Spain. The negotiations were secret, and it is believed that the president purchased the territory at a price of $15million. The land purchased included the western half of the Mississippi river, and it doubled the initial size of the USA. The purchase also extended to the Gulf of Mexico, which was very productive in agriculture. Settler’s movement to the Louisiana territory raised the question of slave trade. The settlers applied for statehood after reaching a number of 60000 and in 1819, it officially became a slave state (Morgan 34). Before 1810, the country had occupied most parts of the Mississippi river but had little control over its mouth which was located in the Spanish Florida (Shelly 239). In 1810, the United States seized the western part of Florida, and it led to the outbreak of war between the Spaniards and the Americans (Smith 17). However, the Spaniards relented since

A marketing plan to help Vinamilk organisation

A marketing plan to help Vinamilk organisation Vinamilk, one of top milk manufacturers in Vietnam, is specializing in manufacturing high quality products from core dairy products include liquid and powdered milk to value added dairy products such as condensed milk, cheese, yogurt and coffee The organisational objectives are to grow its market share in Vietnam as well as overseas countries. Hence, to expand market share in Australia, one of the large export markets of Vinamilk, this organisation has to develop a good marketing strategy for a product named Dielac Sure. This product, which is developed by Center for Nutrition Research and Product Development of Vinamilk, is good for older people and intolerant persons because it contains high protein and no lactose help to increase calcium absorption, digestion, advantageous bacteria and laxative, especially it is trusted to use as medicine. It is seen that there is a big opportunity for Vinamilk Company to sell the special product in this prosperous country, Australia with a highly developed economy and a diverse population, especially high demands of increasing number of older people on products good for their health and lifestyle. In addition, Vietnam and Australia are all members of World Trade Organisation (WTO), ASEAN Australian New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), therefore, Australia government breaks down trade barriers by liberalizing international trade and investment rules to support Vietnamese traders who want to run their business in Australia. However, to limit risks as well as human and financial resources, Vinamilk would initially use exporting as the mode of entry in this target market. It appears many challenges for Vinamilk when exporting Dielac Ensure into Australia such as strong competition, different consumers needs and wants, strict regulation s and high products standardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Conversely, Vinamilk can expand their international business once Dielac Ensure is accepted in Australia market, it can be also sold in New Zealand and other markets where have high demands about products. The purpose of this report is aim to increase the market share that Vinamilk organisation holding through introduction of Dielac Sure in the Australia market. This report, however, is prepared and based on assumption of Vinamilk, marketing strategy proposed in the report may change and it does not guarantee that it can achieve success in Australia. Structure of this report comprises of: Marketing environment Foreign market analysis Marketing strategy Marketing implementation Financials Evaluation and control procedures Through these analyses, Vinamilk will explore Australia market by this flexible marketing strategy with competitive prices and effective distribution channels, specially a product strategy. And it is expected that Vinamilks market share will be increased by 10 percent within two years when Dielac Sure is launched in Australia. This strategic marketing plan also recommends Vinamilk to apply SWOT analysis, Total Quality Management and Marketing Audit in evaluating and controlling marketing activities. These methods are very useful and efficient. Furthermore, Vinamilk should manage its employees, who play a vital role in marketing activities, in an effort to satisfy their demands and needs. If employees get high job satisfaction and a strong commitment to the organisation, employees will attempt in order to achieve the organisations goal and objectives. In addition, Vinamilk should focus on customers demands and wants first, and try to develop and maintain long term customer relationships. Finally, it is the international business, there are many risks for the organisation, it hence requires that Vinamilk should prepare careful exit strategies for the bad situation happen in the future. TABLE OF CONTENT I. INTRODUCTION Background Vietnam Dairy Product Joint Stock Company (Abbreviated Vinamilk) was founded in 1976 under the name of Southern Coffee Dairy Company with the initial capital only 100 billion VND. Going through 24 establishing and developing years, Vinamilk Corporation grows up and becomes a leading producer of dairy products in Vietnam, holding 75% of Vietnamese milk market as well as one of the top 100 strongest brands by the Vietnamese Ministry of Industry and Trade in 2006. (Vinamilk, 2010). At this time, VInamilk is manufacturing and trading many different product ranges including liquid and powdered milk, condensed milk, drinking and spoon yoghurt, ice cream, and cheese, coffeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Vinamilk commits that always satisfy customers with high-quality, safe, and diverse products, the best service and competitive prices. Besides strong domestic distribution with 183 distributing channels and 94,000 selling points throughout Vietnam, Vinamilk products are exported to many countries such as the Australia, United States, France, Canada, and Asia. Purpose of the report This report creates a marketing plan to help Vinamilk organisation, a Vietnamese brand to achieve a successful launch of Dielac Sure in Australian market, one of the potential markets for this product as well as for Vinamilk. However, the report has finished in a short time, there are many limitations in marketing research, customer analysis and the financial budget. The marketing strategy proposed to the organisation in this report may be changed in the future. II. FINDINGS Marketing environment 1.1 Cultural environment Today, Australian society is changing values and demographics. It results not only opportunities but also challenges to milk manufacturers, in particular to Vinamilk organisation. The increasing number of older Australian offers a big market segment for Dielac sure. Furthermore, this elderly population is trying to maintain active lifestyles as well as seeking solution to have healthy lifestyle. Australian people require products, which are good for their health and maintain quality of their sleep as well as quality of their life. It is apparently seen many Australian consumers now are looking for products friendly to the environment. There is a new tendency become Green consumer. They accept to spend more in purchasing products having eco friendly package as well as take an account of fair trade or environmental practices. (choice, 2009) The increasing of local supermarket, a huge supercenter is convenient for consumers purchase. They can buy Dielac Sure in anywhere at anytime. Besides, development of technology is playing a vital factor in supporting consumers purchase. Shopping online or buying at home through Internet or telephone is very convenient to busy consumers. Consumers are pay more trust on other peoples experiences and when decide buying purchase, they usually trend to buy brand, not buy products. 1.2 Economic Australia has a sustainable rate of economic growth with GDP per capita $38,500 in 2009 (ABS, 2009). It is slightly higher than that of the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and France representing the most populous countries. The economic crisis in 2008 affected the Australian economy by decreasing construction projects, housing turnover, including the serious decrease of commodity sales. The employment rate increased greatly. However, at the end of the fiscal year 2008, Australia still kept growing and gained the fastest pace 2.7% in 2009 (Economywatch, 2010). Australian is putting their confident in the economy due to continuously growing consumer price index. (ABS, 2010). The Australia Government is controlling consumer inflation on an average between two and three percent over business cycles by a responsible monetary policy. Consequently, the inflation is low at only 2.3% in March 2010 (ABS, 2010). In addition, with the sound and practical structure of financial regulations and institutions, Australia is seen as a potential investment destination for other countries. 1.3 Population Until now, population of Australia is over 22 million people with birth rate (12.47 births/1,000 population) is more than death rate 6.68 deaths/ 1000 population (ABS, 2010). Although it is the large country with the area over 7 million square kilometer, population of Australia is mainly concentrated in urban areas. This prosperous country has high GDP $997.2 billion (2009 est.) (CIA, 2010) and personal income per capita is high $19,213.50 per person  (Nation master, 2010) meanwhile inflation rate and unemployed rate is low, only 1.8% and 5.6% established 2009 (CIA, 2010). One element of Australias natural resource base is minerals. Other important natural resources involve forestry and fisheries, and together with agriculture, they contribute significantly to the Australian economy and Australias Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Since Australia purchases more goods and services from overseas than the value of goods and services it exports (ABARE, 2009a), export value of minerals hold approximately 7.7 per cent of GDP. Australia export value $160.5 billion is slightly less than import $4 million. Current account balance of Australia is -$29.89 billion (2009 est.) and ranking 182nd compared to the world. However, its exchange rate is so high 1.2894 AUD/ USD (2009). Goods enter Australia that be cleared by the Australian Customs Service and depending on the type and value of the goods or products, there may be costs involved, including clearance fees, customs duty, goods and services tax and other taxes. Especially, dairy products imported to Australia subject to Imported Food Control Act 1992. 1.4 Political and legal environment The Australian political environment is very stable. It has a lower rate of riots, terrorism and chaotic political dispute. Australia attracts new businesses by a strong, transparent corporate governmental system as well as low barriers to trade and investment. It is very easy to establish a new business in Australia. It only takes two days to complete the license. On 14 June 1990, an agreement on trade and economic co-operation between Australia and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was signed. It creates opportunities for Vietnamese companies doing their businesses in Australia. (Australian Treaty Series, 2010) In spite of this, it is an important and compulsory aspect that any organization has to consider in order to operate business legally in Australia. Vinamilk is in charge of protecting intellectual property rights worldwide, ensuring to enforce state as well as federal rules and regulations. In addition to regulation by Australian Government, Vinamilk needs to follow a number of laws and regulations, including the following: Trademarks: the logo or symbol represents for the company. Vinamilk has also registered the trademark in 79 countries including Australia in 1999. Patents: an exclusive right granted by a government to manufacture or use an invention during a specific period of time. Vinamilk can register its patent for this product that is safe for users and use as medicine for feeding . Copyright: The right of protecting the authors original products against illegal usage from plagiarism. Trade secret: used to prevent leaking secret traditional method. For instance, the secret of manufacturing natural latex rubber Dielac Sure of Vinamilk Company. Foreign market analysis 2.1 Describe market 2.1.1 Australian dairy industry 2.1.1.1 Overview The Australian dairy industry is Australias largest processed food industry, and ranks in the top four of the nations rural industries. Australias climate and natural resources are favorable to dairying and allow production based on year-round pasture grazing. Australia has almost two million dairy cows, producing around 9 billion liters of milk each year. http://www.readyed.com.au/urls/dairy/dairy.html Over two-thirds of the 9.4 litres of milk produced in 2008-09 was produced in Victoria, 10 percent in new South Wales and 7 percent in Tasmania. Dairying occupies a relatively large proportion of the agricultural sector in Tasmania Just over half the milk produced in Australia during 2008-09 was consumed by the domestic market; the remainder being exported as either drinking milk or manufactured products. 4 www.dairyaustralia.com.au Milk Production Report, viewed 16 February 2010. 5 In 2007-08 the value of Tasmanias livestock products (which mainly includes wool, milk and eggs) was $413 million. Of this amount $275 million was the estimated value of farmgate milk production (approximately 67 per cent). Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics 1307.6 Tasmanian State and Regional Indicators, December 2009 www.abs.gov.au; and www.dairyaustralia.com.au, Dairy 2009 Situation and Outlook, June 2009, p. 82. 7 About half of the domestic consumption is as drinking milk, the remainder being used in the production of cheeses, butter, and milk powders. Dairy Australia, Dairy 2009: Situation and Outlook, June 2009, www.dairyaustralia.com.au. 2.1.1.2 Recent developments In 2008, Dairy Australia reported that the Australian dairy industry was enjoying the best world market conditions in decadesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ international dairy commodity prices rose to record levels through 2007, due to consistent strong demand and tight supplies, as well as the effects of exchange rates and cuts in export subsidies. This led to higher farm-gate milk prices for Australian dairy farmers- prices increasingly by more than 50 percent in southern region during 2007-08. Dairy Australia did note that despite the optimism, the industry still remain constrained by the high cost and limited availability of production inputs, uncertain climatic conditions and reducing herb numbers. Australian Dairy Industry in Focus 2008, p. 3. Higher farm-gate prices continued into the 2008-09 season until, following the global financial crisis, milk processors reduced the price paid to farmers sharply. Besides, Australian milk production declined year on year by 4.9 percent in the first four months of 2009-10 as a result of drought and low water allocations in the irrigation system, the low prices as well as reduced demand. Monthly milk production Source: Dairy Australia, www.dairyaustralia.com.au. 2.1.1.3 Competitors in market The manufacturing sector of the Australian dairy industry has become more concentrated since the first stages of deregulation in the late 1980s; the outcome being increased foreign ownership and a reduction market share of farmer owned cooperatives. The five major companies have increased their milk processing capacity from 50 percent to 75 percent of the market. In 1999, the five largest milk manufacturers in Australia were Murray Goulburn, Bonlac, Daisy Farmers Group (all three entities were cooperatives), National Foods Ltd and Pauls/ Parmalat. Today, Bonlac is owned by Fonterra, and the Dairy Farmers Group has been acquired by National Foods. Fonterra (20 percent), together with Murray Goulburn (the largest remaining farmer owned cooperative, supplying 37% percent of Australias milk) are the prominent market players in the manufacturing milk market 2.1.1.4 Distribution Milk sold through various channels including fast food outlets, supermarkets, independent grocers, corner stores, and service stations. However, the sale of milk through the supermarket channel has slowly been increasing; Dairy Australia noting a recent change in the behavior of two large chains- they have embarked on a marketing campaign encouraging consumers to make comparisons between their own generic branded milk with that of branded products. Dairy Australia comment that although this behavior is unlikely to affect the volume of dairy products consumed there may be an impact on the channel and value of dairy sales as consumers seek greater value in their purchases and move to generic labeled and price discounted branded products. 2.2 Market size (ok) Drinking milk sales by state (million litres) NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS AUST 1979/80 531 437 249 127 119 41 1,504   1989/90 582 449 316 150 164 47 1,730 1999/00 597 440 383 185 190 48 1,933 2000/01 633 456 393 201 201 50 1,934 2001/02 626 460 403 185 200 50 1,924 2002/03 620 475 404 183 208 52 1,942 2003/04 627 476 418 196 212 52 1,981 2004/05 641 486 429 200 215 53 2,024 2005/06 660 499 444 192 216 50 2,061 2006/07 692 510 474 201 226 53 2,156 2007/08 682 524 499 205 237 55 2,202 2008/09(p) 696 533 510 208 241 56 2,244   Source: Milk processors and State Milk Authorities Australian milk consumption has been steadily shifting from regular to modified milk types, such as reduced and low fat milks, over a number of years. This trend reversed for a period during 2008, as consumers responded to rapidly increasing retail prices by switching to the relatively lower-prices regular full cream milks. The longer-term trend has returned during the most recent year. Drinking milk sales by  type (million litres) Regular Reduced Low  fat Flavored UHT Total 1989/90 1,257 322 111 40   1,730 1999/00 1,099 498 173 164 1,933 2000/01   1,094 415 95 165 165 1,934 2001/02 1,074 435 105 170 140 1,924 2002/03 1,055 440 120 174 153 1,942 2003/04 1,057 462 118 190 154 1,981 2004/05 1,063 492 116 199 154 2,024 2005/06 1,093 488 124 201 155 2,061 2006/07 1,107 530 125 213 181 2,156 2007/08 1,126 553 123 213 187 2,202 2008/09(p) 1,143 572 118 210 201 2,244   Source: Milk processors and State Milk Authorities http://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/Our-Dairy-Industry/Industry-Statistics/~/media/Documents/Our%20Dairy%20Industry/Latest%20Statistics/NationalMilkSalesAugust2010.ashx 2.3 Government participation http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/[emailprotected]/90a12181d877a6a6ca2568b5007b861c/b006a83a9127b0f5ca256dea00053965!OpenDocument Nowadays, Australian dairy industry operate in a deregulated and open market which only government involve being in the food standards and food safety assurance systems and prices are affected by world situation. A look at the dairy industry of Australia prior to 1 July 2000 reveals an industry governed by two separate sectors, the regulated market/fresh milk sector and the non-regulated manufactured milk sector; six separate dairy industries, one in each state; and high levels of Australian Government assistance and complex state government regulatory intervention. Regulation came in two forms; state government support of the market/fresh milk sector and Australian Government support of the manufactured milk sector. In the 1980s and 1990s state governments had the responsibility of controlling price and milk quality, and for formulating policy for the market/fresh milk sector. Up until deregulation, dairy farmers selling their milk as market milk received a substantially higher farm gate price than the average price paid for manufactured milk, even though there was little distinction between the two products. Across Australia under this regulated market, a number of different schemes existed which allocated the large guaranteed price premium proportionally to all dairy farmers, encouraging farmers to produce more milk than would be produced under free-market conditions. State governments also engaged in establishing legislation that regulated interstate access to their market milk sectors. The manufactured milk sector on the other hand was characterized by open access, with products from this sector being traded freely within and between states. Although the manufactured milk sector was characterized by open access, it was not totally devoid of policies that distorted the market for dairy products. Up until July 2000, measures to support domestic prices, restrict imports, subsidize exports and restrict the production of substitutes were used. By the early- to mid-1990s it was clear a fall in the price of market milk, relative to manufactured milk, was required and price controls and supply quotas needed to be removed or substantially reduced. The Australian Government began phasing out market support in the dairy industry, in line with its commitments to wind down protection in the manufacturing industries and other areas of agriculture. The deregulation of fresh milk pricing from 1 July 2000 had a major affect on farm gate prices for fresh milk. In 2000, around 18% of Australias total milk production was consumed as fresh milk. Victorias proportion of fresh milk to total milk production was only 6% compared with much higher proportions (about 45%) in New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia. Under regulation, all dairy farmers received a separate price for fresh and manufactured milk. After deregulation, most Victorian manufacturers offered dairy farmers a single, blended price for all milk, which reflected the emphasis of milk being used for manufacturing dairy products and the prices received from the exports of these dairy products in the rest of the world (Edwards 2001). The dairy industry today is fully deregulated, and every dairy farmers farm gate price for milk is now, due to natural forces of supply and demand, affected by world prices no matter where they live within Australia. Summary Conclusions about the Australia market In general, Australian milk production declined year on year and continue to fall in the future because of seasonal condition- drought and low water allocations in the Murray-Darling irrigation system, this thing will affect directly and make Australian milk price increase. Besides, the deregulation of milk pricing from 1 July 2000 had a major affect on milk price as well. It is not belong to government control and is affected by world prices. It is considered as one of the advantages if Vinamilk have the plan to enter this market. Marketing plan Vinamilk position itself as the prestige brand name with high quality products and service. To Dielac Sure, Vinamilk wants to target to the older customers by offering many benefits such as support immune system, balanced nutrition, rebuild muscles and strain, and maintain healthy weight From these benefits, Vinamilk is confident to compete with many strong milk brand names which were available in Australia for many years such as: Ensure of Abbott and Anlene of Fonterra. 3.1 Objectives Achieving a unit sales volume for the first year of 2,000 items. Total sales revenues of AUD $3,000,000 in the first year. Expected market share to be 5% in the first year. Aim for an average price of $1,500 per item. Expand consumer awareness of the Vinamilk brand name by 20%. 3.2 Product Dielac Sure is produced and developed by Center for Nutrition Research and Products Development of VINAMILK. And it also received The International Certificate in Food Safety and Hygiene HACCP. Moreover, this product has special nutrition with high protein and fat that: Supply energy and strengthen body in operating and growing. Recuperate patients health. Dielac Sure is available for feed patient through catheter (under the instruction of doctor or nutritionist) Ameliorate malnutrition. Suit for pregnancy and lactation women. Dielac Sure doesnt contain lactose and cholesterol; therefore it is the best choice for the elderly and lactose-intolerant persons. Dielac sure is packaged in a can weighed 400g and 1000g and labelled in English with full ingredients and careful directions. 3.3 Consumer buying behaviour 3.4 Communication media 3.5 Competitor analysis 3.6 Promotion mix Promotion includes four parts: public relation, advertising, personal selling and sales promotion. In terms of product life cycle, Dielac Sure is in the introduction stage in Australia market. Therefore, promotion requires heavy advertisings and public relations to build brand awareness and guide customers on products benefits. Vinamilk applies personal selling strategies to ensure distribution coverage and supply chain cooperation. Furthermore, Vinamilk should consider a sales promotion strategy, it is important for the company to encourage customers to have a trial on products; also trade sales promotion expedites distribution activities for the company. Advertising On television and radio The newspaper works and The Daily advertiser Billboards Public relation Sponsorship for charity events Direct telephone and send letters to collect customer database and invite them to join in a small party on Father Day and Mother Day. They are the days for families, which include a number of elders who are 40 and above. Personal selling Send business emails to some big retailers to introduce about our new products and increase the available distribution of products. Door to door selling activities will help promote the organisational prestige to customers. Sales promotion Buy 1 can Dielac Sure 1000g get 1free glass or cup. Loyalty program for instance, if customers buy enough 10 cans of Dielac Sure 1000g, they will receive one can 400g free. Encourage more consumers by holding an event one day examine free for older people. 3.7 Physical distribution 3.8 Channel of distribution Cooperating with the big supermarkets in Australia such as: Coles Woolworths Pharmacies 3.9 Price determination Can 400g: $10.90 Can 1000g: $ 21.50 Marketing implementation ACTIVITIES MONTH 1 MONTH 2 MONTH 3 MONTH 4 MONTH 5 MONTH 6 MONTH 7 MONTH 8 MONTH 9 MONTH 10 MONTH 11 MONTH 12 PIC I. Market analysis BN 1. Marketing research QH 2. Set a budget TT 3. Training staff BT II. Product activities NT 1. Finalize in development CT 2. Production runs MK IV. Distribution activities QM 1. Shipping to warehouses HN 2. Shipping to retail store GC 3. 5% quantity discount BV V. Promotion activities GE 1. Newspaper advertising EL 2. TV and radio advertising MP 3. Billboard advertising NATo get the success in doing this marketing strategy, Vinamilk will implement the first year of this marketing plan as follows 4. In store POS display LO 5. Sponsorship BT Direct telephone EL Send business e-mail SA Door to door activities CO Buy 1 get 1 Dielac Sure protection sheet PM Loyalty program PM 10% discount full pack HD Financial statements SALES FORECAST IN THE FIRST YEAR SALES FORECAST JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEP OCT NOV DEC UNIT SALES 100 150 300 280 250 500 600 400 350 380 500 550 UNIT PRICES (AUD) 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 SALES (AUD) 150,000 225,000 450,000 420,000 375,000 750,000 900,000 600,000 525,000 570,000 750,000 825,000 DIRECT UNIT COSTS 35% (AUD) 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 DIRECT COST OF SALES (AUD) 51,000 77,250 156,000 145,500 129,750 261,000 313,500 208,500 182,250 198,000 261,000 287,250 FINANCIAL BUDGET IN 1 YEAR MARKETING BUDGET 1ST QUARTER 2ND QUARTER 3RD QUARTER 4TH QUARTER YEAR TOTAL ADVERTISING Newspaper 1,259 1,684 1,593 1,748 6,284 Television 10,574 11,928 12,456 13,945 48,903 Bus station 584 673 894 721 2,872 Point of